2) Uses of nanoparticles

• Nanoparticles contain only a few hundred atoms.
• They can combine to form structures called nanostructures.
• Nanostructures can be manipulated, so materials can be developed that have new and specific properties.
• The properties of nanoparticles are different to the properties of the same materials in bulk, e.g. nanoparticles are more sensitive to light, heat and magnetism.
• In nanoparticles, the atoms can be placed into exactly the right position so smaller quantities are needed to achieve the required properties / effects.
• Nanoparticles are used in sun creams.
• They provide better skin coverage and, therefore, more effective protection from the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays.
• However, concerns remain that these nanoparticles are so small they could get into and damage human cells or cause problems in the environment.
• Research into nanoparticles is leading to the development of:

  new drug delivery systems

  synthetic skin for burn victims

  computers and technology

  catalysts for fuel cells

  stronger and lighter construction materials

  new cosmetics and deodorants

  • fabrics that prevent the growth of bacteria.