urine

• • mixture of Urea, Excess mineral ions, Excess water
  • colour & quantity cn change quickly

  1. Large vol usually pale yellow bc lot of water, urea less concentrated
  2. Small vol darker yellow /orange bc little water, urea more conc.

  • concentration of urine change bc:

  1. Water intake - more fluids drunk, more water removed frm body, large vol pale yellow, dilute urine produced
  2. Temperature - high = more water lost in sweat -> less in the urine = smaller vol dark yellow, concentrated
  3. Exercise - greater level, more water lost in sweat -> same as temp