Weimar Germany KT2

• • Hitler was born in Austria, 1889
• Hitler's father died in 1903. His mother died in 1907 (very close to her)
• Hitler applied to Vienna Art Academy - rejected - then lived rough, spent his inheritance, sold postcards
• Went to Germany to avoid military service in 1913 but then volunteered to join the German army when war broke out
• Fought in WW1 - awarded Iron Cross for bravery - injured in a gas attack and in hospital when Germany surrendered in 1918
• Hitler was angry about Germany's surrender - believed the Dolchstoss theory
• NSDAP increased in membership and owned a newspaper - called 'The People's Observer' (1920-1923)
• Hitler became leader of NSDAP in 1921 - Fuhrerprinzip - absolute loyalty to one leader
• Swastika adopted as the emblem of NSDAP between 1921-1923
• Raised arm salute created in NSDAP between 1920-1923
• Nazi Party founded 1919 by Anton Drexler - DAP
• Nazi's were nationalist and idea of volkish - pure German people - but with socialist ideas about restricting big business and classless society
• Hitler employed by the army to spy on the Nazi party
• In September 1919 Hitler attended a Nazi Party meeting and spoke in response to one of their members - caught Drexler's attention
• Hitler joined the Party, became responsible for recruitment and propaganda - passionate public speaking
• The themes of Hitler's speeches were - the Dolschstoss, disgust at Treaty of Versailles, hatred of the Weimar government and the November criminals, communist-Jewish conspiracy
• The Brownshirts were known as the SA (Sturmabteilung) and storm troopers
• The brownshirts were protection squads for political meanings and disrupted political meetings of other groups. Became the Nazis' private army.
• The Nazi Party membership rose from 1,100 June 1920 to 55,000 by November 1923
• Nazi Party speeches - themes continued but with growing emphasis on race - Jews as scapegoats for Germany's problems
• By 1923 - Nazi Party was still just a regional Party with support mainly in Bavaria
• Nazi Party had 25 demands
• Nazi Party demands included: The unity of German-speaking peoples, get rid of the Treaty of Versailles, only Germans can be citizens. No Jew can be a German citizen, only German citizens can vote, be employed or work in the Government, citizens are entitles to a job and decent standard of living. If this cannot be achieved foreigners will be asked to leave the country to create more jobes
• Some of the Nazi Party demands/points:

  • The unity of German-speaking peoples
  • Abolishment of the Treaty of Versailles
  • Only Germans can be citizens, with no Jews allowed to be German citizens
  • Only German citizens can vote, be employed, or work in the Government
  • Citizens are entitled to a job and decent standard of living; if this cannot be achieved, foreigners will be asked to leave the country to create more jobs
  • Immigrants will not be allowed to enter the country from now on; all immigrants who arrived in Germany after 1914 must be asked to leave
  • The government should control public industries
  • Large companies must share their profits
  • Small farmers will be given their own land
  • German newspapers must be free of foreign influence
  • Freedom of religion
  • Strong central government with unrestricted authority
• The Nazi Party split up their demands into race and religion, Treaty of Versailles, Civil Rights and Industry
• The civil rights Nazi demands included: - only German citizens can vote, be employed or work in the Government

  • citizens are entitles to a job and decent standard of living. If this cannot be achieved foreigners will be asked to leave the country to create more jobs
  • immigrants will not be allowed to enter the country from now on. All immigrants who arrived in Germany after 1914 must be asked to leave
  • strong central government with unrestricted authority
• The race and religion Nazi demands included: - The unity of German-speaking peoples

  • only German citizens can vote, be employed or work in the Government
  • citizens are entitles to a job and decent standard of living. If this cannot be achieved foreigners will be asked to leave the country to create more jobs
  • immigrants will not be allowed to enter the country from now on. All immigrants who arrived in Germany after 1914 must be asked to leave
  • German newspapers must be free of foreign influence
  • Freedom of religion
• The Treaty of Versailles Nazi demands were: get rid of the Treaty of Versailles
• The Industry based Nazi demands/points were:

  - the government should control public industries

  • large companies must share their profits
  • small farmers will be given their own land
  • strong central government with unrestricted authority
  • only German citizens can vote, be employed or work in the Government
• The Munich Putsch took place in November 1923. Hitler attempted to lead an uprising in Munich. They planned to take over Munich/Bavaric then march to Berlin to take over the national government.
• Long term causes of the Munich Putsch included: the Treaty of Versailles, Weimar Republic, Ruhr invasion, Mussolini inspired creation of brownshirts
• Short term causes of the Munich Putsch included: hyperinflation, political crisis (1923), General Ludendorff, growth of Nazi Party, the support from German people, Kahr and the army in Bavaria
• Hitler detested the Treaty of Versailles and wanted to remove the terms
• General Ludendorff was a former army chief, based in Bavaria and hated the Weimar government
• Kahr was a Bavarian Government Leader
• Lossow was an army chief
• Seisser was a Police Chief
• The Munich Putsch was the 8th-9th November 1923
• Lossow and Sessier were held at gunpoint for the Munich Putsch
• Munich Putsch started from a beerhall