cranial nerves and spine

• sensory signals for hearing are carried by the vestibulochlear nerve
• what are the branches of trigeminal nerves?

  ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular branch
• the ophthalmic branch is sensory
• the maxillary branch is sensory
• the mandibular branch is both sensory and motor
• which cranial nerves involve the eye ?

  Optic (II), Oculomotor (III), Trochlear (IV), Abducens (VI)
• the four plexus are cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral
• the cervical plexus nerve is the phrenic nerve
• ventral roots only contain motor fibers
• efferent fibers from ventral horn motor neurons
• dorsal roots contain only sensory fibers
• afferent fibers from sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia
• 3 connective tissues surrounding a nerve are endoneurium, perineum, and epineurium
• the epineurium is tough fibrous sheath that surrounds the nerve
• perineurium bundles fibers into fascicles
• endoneurium encloses each individual axon
• CN I : Olfactory nerve, smell, sensory
• CN II: optic nerve, vision, sensory
• CN III: oculomotor nerve, eye movement, pupil constriction, motor
• CN IV: trochlear nerve, eye movement, motor
• CN V: trigeminal nerve, sensory nerves if the face, motor supply to muscles of mastication, both
• CN VI: abducens nerves, supplies single extraocular muscle, motor
• CN VII: facial nerves, motor supply to muscle of facial expressions, special sensation of gustation 2/3 pf tongue, both
• CN VIII: vestibulocochlear nerve (auditory), balance, sensory
• CN IX: glossopharyngeal nerve, special sensory to the tongue, motor supply to pharynx, 1/3 of tongue, both
• CN X: vagus nerve, parasympathetic innervation to viscera, motor supply to larynx, pharynx, esophagus, heart, lungs, stomach, intestines, bladder, both
• CN XI: accessory nerve, supplies SCM + trapezius, motor
• CN XII: hypoglossal nerve, supplies all intrinsic muscles of tongue except palate, motor