Assault

• What is assault defined by?

  Common law, but s.39 Criminal Justice Act 1988 states offence & max 6 months.
• AR of assault?


  an act causing V to apprehend immediate unlawful force.
• Logdon?


  words and actions can amount to an assault.
• Lamb?


  if V does not apprehend (expect) force, then there is no assault.
• Smith v Working Police?


  ‘immediate’ includes the imminent future (what might happen next).
• MR of assault?

  intentionally or recklessly causing V to apprehend immediate unlawful force.
• For recklessness, you must say: “The risk that [V’s name] would apprehend force must have crossed [D’s

  name] mind, when he [describe what D did in the scenario].