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Speech Science Final
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Emilia Mcgoldrick
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vocal qualities
Speech Science Final
15 cards
Cards (195)
Acoustics
is the study of sound
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Aerodynamics
is the study of
airflow
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Physiology
and
Kinematics
involve the study of
motion
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Dynamics
focus on the
forces
that
cause movement
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Psychoacoustics
explores the
relationship
between
physical properties
of
sound
and
perception
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Instrument measurement
is a part of the study
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The
source
and
medium
must have
mass
and
elasticity
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Fundamental Physical Quantities include:
Mass
(m): the amount of matter something has
Weight
is mass + gravitational pull
Air has mass and weight
Density
= mass/volume
Affects
magnitude
of inertia
Length
: the amount of spatial separation between two points
Time
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Derived Physical Quantities:
Displacement
: a
change
in
position
(both
distance
and
direction
)
Velocity
:
displacement
over
time
Acceleration
:
change
in
velocity
over
time
Force
: "
push
" or "
pull
"
Pressure
:
Force
per
unit area
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Physical properties of source and medium:
Density
=
mass
/
volume
Elasticity
:
restoring force
Momentum
is
directly proportional
to
mass
and
velocity
(
M=mv
)
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Newton's Laws of Motion:
First Law:
Inertia
Second Law: when a net force acts on an object, the object
accelerates
in the
same direction
as the force
Third Law: for every action (force), there's an
equal
and
opposite
reaction
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The
Energy Principle
states that
energy
is the
capacity
to do
work
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Respiration Process
:
Involves the expansion and contraction of thoracic cavities by the
diaphragm
and
external intercostals
Air flows in due to the
negative pressure
between the parietal and visceral pleural walls
Phonation process
involves the cycle of vibration of vocal folds
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resonator: something that is forced into
vibration
by another
vibrator
(sound sources)
Resonators
modify sound and they have a natural
resonant
frequency
Mechanical resonators: object is
forced
into
vibration
acoustic
: the air inside an object that is forced into
vibration
tidal
volume: the total amount of air inhaled and
exhaled
in breath cycle
residual volume: amount of air remains in
lungs
after
mass exahle
inspiratory volume
: the volume of air that can be
inhaled
after tidal expiration
expiratory reserve volume: the
amount of air
that can be
exhaled after tidal expiration
Vital
capacity: the amount of air
exhaled
after deep inhale
Functional residual capacity:
amount of air
in
lungs
after normal exhalation
total lung capacity
: amount of
air lungs
are capable of hold
Boyles law:
increase
in volume,
less
pressure (vice versa)
extended
phonation: inspiratory muscle activation to
slow
exhalation for speech
checking action:
muscular
activity which prevents the
recoil
forces of lungs
control bigger breath with subglottal pressure by using more
laryngeal
effort
and controlling respiratory
airflow
functions of the larynx:
protect
,
push
/pull,
pulmonary
function
mucosal wave in phonation: proceeds
inferior
to
superior
cycle of VF vibration
Phonation process: VF
adduct
,
expiration
starts (until
medial
compression
overcomes VF), VFs
blow
apart (puff of air escapes), VFs
sucked
back together (Bernoulli effect), the cycle repeats
VF
vibration is affected by mass (more mass, less vibration),
stiffness
(higher stiffness, more vibration), length ( longer VF vibrate lower)
Intensity depends on Medial Compression of
Vocal Folds
, length of
closed phase
of VF, amplitude, SP created
VF
cause resistance to
airflow
measuring
aerodynamic properties
of
phonation
: pressure, subglottal, intraoral, airflow, transglottal
ohm
's law: flow =
air pressure
/resistance
Acoustic of voice
: intensity and F0
Perturbation
: shimmer, jitter, and noise to harmonic ratio
shimmer
: cycle-to-cycle variability in VF vibration in amplitude
Jitter
: cycle-to-cycle variability in VF
vibration
in frequency
See all 195 cards