Nutrition Exam 1

• The digestive system is the process by which food is broken down into smaller molecules that can be absorbed.
• 1g of carbohydrate is 4 calories
• 1 gram of protein contains 4 calories
• 1 gram of fat is 9 calories
• 4 ounces of salmon counts as 4 ounces of protein
• 1 egg counts as 1 ounce of protein
• 1 Tbsp of peanut butter is 1 ounce of protein
• 2 Tbsp of peanut butter is 2 ounces of protein
• serving size of fruit is 2 cups
• vegetable serving size is 2 1/2 cups
• Grain is 6oz
• Dairy serving size is 3 cups
• protein serving size is 5 1/2 oz
• individuals with celiac disease should avoid food that contains Gluten
• For people who consume gluten and have Celiac diseases the linen of the small intestine ends up becoming smooth
• Wheat contains gluten
• High Fiber diets can lower cholesterol levels
• If Carbohydrate intake is low, the body can make glucose from protein
• When an individual has hypoglycemia which hormone would be released?

  Glucagon
• insulin is a hormone your pancreas produces to help use glucose/sugar for energy
• Essential nutrients

  – Nutrients the body cannot make

  – Must be obtained through food or in some cases supplements

          – Nutrients the body can make
• Nonessential nutrients

          – Nutrients the body can make
• Supplements

  • improve/maintain overall health, also help meet daily requirements of essential nutrients

  -Herbal Supplements

  -Vitamin/Mineral Supplements
• hypoglycemia is low blood glucose
• hyperglycemia is high blood glucose
• After a meal blood glucose level rises causing the pancreas to secret which hormone?

  insulin
• insulin is a hormone
• type 2 diabetes is the cells becoming resistant to the insulin made by the body
• What is a characteristic of a saturated fat?

  They are usually found in solid fat
• If a fat has double bonds its unsaturated
• unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature
• a fat that is from a plant it is unsaturated fat
• a fat that is from sea foo and fish its omega 3
• To digest triglycerides, we need pancreatic lipase and bile
• lipoprotein is a disguise for fat so it can flow through the digestive system
• Which lipoprotein can drop cholesterol off in the blood vessels and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease?

  LDL
• Someone who has high LDL has a greater chance of developing cardiovascular disease
• HDL function is to pick up cholesterol bringing it back to the liver and then get rid of it
• if you eat a lot of saturated fat you can see an increase in LDL
• If you eat a lot of omega 3 you tend to see beneficial effects on the lipoproteins