1/2 eng lang

• What are Jakobson's 6 functions of language?

  Referential, Emotive, Phatic, Conative, Poetic, Metalinguistic
• Referential


  Language that conveys information
• Emotive


  Lanuage that expresses emotion
• Phatic


  Language used to socialise
• Conative


  Language used to command or persuade
• Poetic


  Language that is designed to be aesthetic, language for the sake of language
• Metalinguistic


  Language about 'language
• Register


  The level of formality in language determined by the context in which it is spoken or written
• Tenor


  The relationships between the participants in the exchange. (social status, social distance, roles)
• Audience


  The intended set of listeners and readers
• Morphology


  The study of words and their parts
• Morphemes


  The smallest units of meaning in a language, seperated into 2 types
• Bound morpheme


  Requires a root or stem meaning and cannot stand alone as a word (un, ed, ing)
• Free morpheme


  a morpheme that can stand alone as a word
• Root


  Single morpheme that contains the primary meaning of the word
• Stem


  The part of a word that remains after removing one morpheme
• Affixes


  Bound morphemes are referred to as affixes
• Prefix


  attached to the beginning of a root or stem
• Suffix


  attached to the end of a root or stem
• Infix


  inserted into the middle of the stem.
• Inflectional affixes


  affixes that serve various grammatical purposes but don't change the meaning of a word.
• Derivational affixes


  affixes added to base words that affect the meaning
• lexicology (verbs)


  Verbs express actions, states or occurences
• Verbs can take 4 different forms

  Simple, Progressive, perfect progressive, perfect

  
  

  (check one note for more information)
• Participles


  A form of verb with many functions,
• Infinitives


  A form of verb that allows the verb to act as a noun, adjective or adverb. (generally through adding 'to' before the base verb)
• Auxiliary verbs


  Verbs which are used to support another verb in a sentence and have a grammatical function, 2 types: Primary, Modal
• Primary auxiliary verbs


  verbs such as be, have, do, that can also act as main verbs that are used to convey grammatical tenses, when added to main verb shows aspects of time, tense and voice
• Modal auxiliary verbs


  verbs, such as can/could, may/might, shall/should, and will/would used in the creation of future tense verbs and especially in conditional mood verb tenses
• Syntax


  The study of how words are ordered into phrases, clauses and sentences
• Phrases


  made up of a single word or a group and together convey a meaning, requires other phrases and words to make a sentence
• Head of the phrase


  the subject or main context which is being referred to in the phrase.
• Noun phrase


  noun phrases include the noun and all its modifiers, as in "the big red bouncy ball"
• Verb phrase


  the part of a sentence containing the verb and any direct or indirect object, but not the subject.
• Prepositional phrase


  a modifying phrase consisting of a preposition and its object.
• Adjective phrase


  A group of words headed by an adjective that describes a noun
• Adverb phrase


  Consists of an adverb and any modifiers or complements
• Clauses


  a group of words with a subject and a predicate (verb)
• Subject


  The subject of a clause plays a role with the verb, can be implied
• Predicates


  Consists of a main verb and all of its modifiers, is everything after subject