Science s3

• ionic compound occurs between a metal and a non metal.
• Metallic compound emits electromagnetic radiation from its vibrating charges.
• Covalent share electrons to become stable
• Metallic is lustrous or shiny in appearance
• Metallic conduct a little electricity
• Metallic is hard and solid at room temperature
• Metallic is malleable, ductile, and has a high melting point.
• Ionic is where electrons are transferred from one atom to another
• ionic can either gain or lose electrons
• Ionic CONDUCTS ELECTRICITY when dissolved in water
• IUPAC - International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
• VSEPR - Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion
• The octet rule dictates that atoms are most stable when their valence shells are filled with eight electrons.
• Valence electrons are in the outer shell and can jump into the orbit, being very active
• Octet rule states that for an atom to become stable, it must meet 8 electrons
• Lewis Dot symbol, introduced by Gilbert Lewis, is used to represent the valence electrons of an atom
• 3 types of bonds:

  • Ionic Bonding: also known as electrovalent bond, formed between a nonmetal and a metal through the transfer of ions, held by electrostatic force
  • Covalent Bonding: connects two nonmetals where both share electrons to satisfy the octet rule
  • Metallic bond: connects metals, not discussed extensively
• In Ionic Bonding, the bond is composed of a nonmetal and a metal
• In Covalent Bonding, both atoms share the same electrons to satisfy the octet rule
• Electronegativity:

  • < 1.67 indicates a Covalent bond
  • > 1.67 indicates an Ionic bond
• 20 - Linear

  30 - trigonal planar

  21 - bent

  40 - tetrahedral

  31 - trigonal pyramidal

  22 - V shape (Bent .. ..)

  50 - trigonal bypyramidal

  41 - seasaw

  32 - Tshape

  23 - linear
• Friedrich Wohler produced urea
• Organic compounds:

  Contains carbon

  Great in number

  Carbon to hydrogen bonds

  Low boiling and melting point

  less soluble in water

  poor conductors of heat and electricity

  Covalent in nature

  contains a long, complex chain of molecules
• Inorganic compounds:

  Contains metals and other elements

  less in number

  non-carbon to hydrogen bond

  high boiling and melting point

  soluble in water

  good conductors of heat and electricity

  covalent and ionic in nature

  does not contain a long, complex chain of molecules.