Introduction to the Human Body

• The scientific discipline that investigates the structure of the body.

  Anatomy
• Anatomy comes from the Greek words ana and tome meaning?

  "Up" and "a cutting"
• It means to dissect, or cut apart and separate, the parts of the body for study.

  Anatomy
• Who is the Father of Anatomy?

  Andreas Vesalius
• What are the Methods of Study in Anatomy?

  1. Systemic
  2. Regional
  3. Surface
  4. Radiologic / Radiographic
• An approach to anatomic study organized by organ systems, emphasizing an overview of the system throughout the body.

  Systemic Anatomy
• This approach is usually used in undergraduate school.

  Systemic Anatomy
• An approach to anatomic study based on regions, parts, or divisions of the body (e.g. the foot or the inguinal region), emphasizing the relationships of various systemic structures (muscles, nerves, and arteries) within that area.

  Regional Anatomy
• This approach is usually used in medical school. 

  Regional Anatomy
• The study of the structural relationships of the external features of the body to the internal organs and parts.

  Surface Anatomy
• The study of the structure and morphology of the tissues and organs of the body based on their X-ray visualization and other imaging techniques.

  Radiologic/ Radiographic
• The scientific discipline that deals with the processes or functions of living things.

  Physiology
• The science of body functions.

  Physiology
• It deals with the study of forms.

  Morphology
• What is the chronological order of the Structural and Functional Organization of the Human Body, starting from least to highest?

  1. Chemical 
  2. Cell 
  3. Tissue 
  4. Organ
  5. Organ System
  6. Organism
• Includes atoms, the smallest unit of matter, and the molecules with two or more atoms joining together.

  Chemical Level
• These are the basic structural and functional units of organisms, such as plants and animals.

  Cell
• What is the largest cell in the human body?

  Egg cell
• What is the smallest cell in the human body?

  Sperm cell
• It is a group of cells with similar structure and function and have similar extracellular substances located between them.

  Tissue
• What are the four types of tissue?

  1. Epithelial
  2. Connective
  3. Muscular
  4. Nervous
• It is composed of two or more tissue types that together perform one or more common functions.

  Organ
• How many organ systems do we have?

  11
• What are the 11 Organ Systems?

  1. Integumentary System
  2. Skeletal System
  3. Muscular System
  4. Lymphatic System
  5. Respiratory System
  6. Digestive System
  7. Nervous System
  8. Endocrine System
  9. Cardiovascular System
  10. Urinary System
  11. Reproductive System
• It is any living thing considered as a whole, whether composed of one cell, such as bacterium, or trillions of cells, such as a human.

  Organism
• The existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body.

  Homeostasis
• The condition of equilibrium (balance) in the body’s internal environment due to the constant interaction of the body’s many regulatory processes.

  Homeostasis
• What is the fluid within the cells called?

  Intracellular Fluid (ICF)
• What is the fluid outside the cells called/

  Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
• What is the fluid outside the cells called?

  Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
• The ECF that fills the narrow spaces between cells of tissues is known as?

  Interstitial Fluid
• The body can regulate its internal environment through?

  Feedback System
• It is a cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is monitored, evaluated, changed, remonitored, reevaluated, and so on.

  Feedback System or Feedback Loop
• What are some examples of variable?

  examples

  • Body Temperature
  • Blood Pressure
  • Blood Glucose Level
• Any disruption that changes a controlled condition is called?

  Stimulus
• What are the Three Basic Components of Feedback System?

  • Receptor
  • Control center
  • Effector
• A body structure that monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends input to a control center.

  Receptor
• What pathway is called when the information flows toward the control center?

  Afferent Pathway
• It is also called the "integrating center".

  Control Center
• Such as the part of the brain; sets the range of values within which a controlled condition should be maintained (set point), evaluates the input it receives from receptors, and generates output commands when they are needed.

  Control Center