Human rights are commonly understood as inalienable fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled simply because they are a human being
Characteristics of Human Rights:
Inherent: not granted by any person or authority
Fundamental: without them, the life and dignity of man will be meaningless
Inalienable: cannot be rightfully taken away from a free individual unless specific situations call for it, subject to due process
Inprescriptible: cannot be lost even if not used or asserted, even over time
Indivisible: not capable of being divided
Human rights protect all people regardless of race, nationality, gender, religion, and political leaning, among others, and should be respected without prejudice
Human rights are interdependent, meaning the fulfillment or exercise of one cannot be had without the realization of the other
Constitutional rights are conferred and protected by the Constitution and cannot be modified or taken away by the law-making body
Natural rights are God-given rights, acknowledged by everybody to be morally good
Statutory rights are rights provided by law promulgated by the law-making body
Civil rights are rights that the law will enforce at the instance of private individuals for the purpose of securing to them the enjoyment of their means of happiness
Political rights enable individuals to participate in running the affairs of the government either directly or indirectly
Cultural rights ensure the well-being of the individual and foster the preservation, enrichment, and dynamic evolution of national culture based on the principle of unity in diversity in a climate of free artistic and intellectual expression
Economic and social rights are laws enacted by the Congress concerning human rights to achieve social and economic development
Rights of equality, also known as rights against discrimination, ensure everyone is equal before the law and entitled to equal protection or the equal benefit of the law
Legal rights are rights that constitute due process that can be invoked by persons accused
Rights of equality protect against discrimination on various grounds and ensure equal protection under the law
Derogable/can-be limited rights may be suspended or restricted depending on circumstances for the preservation of social life
Police power is the most pervasive, the least limitable, and the most demanding of the three inherent powers of the government, regulating property and liberty
Eminent domain is the power of the government to expropriate private property for public use
Taxation is considered the lifeblood of the Government, without which the Government would not be operational
Just compensation refers to the compensation individuals receive when their property gets seized by the government for public use
Public law governs the obligations of States towards citizens and other individuals within their jurisdiction
International human rights law primarily consists of treaties and agreements between sovereign states intended to have binding legal effect and customary international law
The Charter of the United Nations and the Declaration in Paris were adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1945 and 1948
The Office of the High Commissioner is mandated to respond to serious violations of human rights and undertake preventive action
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a milestone document in the history of human rights adopted and proclaimed by the UN General Assembly on December 10, 1948
Human rights education refers to the learning that develops the knowledge, skills, and values of human rights
Human rights are rights belonging to everyone simply because they are human beings
Inalienable rights are those that cannot be taken away other than in specific situations
Universal rights are considered the basis of human rights because all humans are born free and equal in dignity and rights
Rights of equality afford the same rights and responsibilities equally to all individuals, regardless of gender, by virtue of their humanity
Human rights embody basic standards without which people cannot realize their inherent human dignity
Inherent rights guarantee the security of people against abuse of the State's inherent powers: police power, eminent domain, and taxation
Protective rights of persons in armed conflict are specifically intended to solve humanitarian problems arising from international or non-international armed conflicts
International humanitarian law restricts the means and methods of warfare and includes limitations on weapons used during armed conflict
Under the principle of IHL, a State has the right to defend its unity and territorial integrity by all legitimate means
Rights of equality state that human rights are applied equally and without discrimination to all people
Moral rights are rights not part of any law but considered morally good and must be followed as they conform to societal norms
Positive rights are programmable rights depending on the resources and political will of the State
Derogable rights can be suspended or restricted depending on circumstances for the preservation of social life
Statutory rights are programmable rights depending on the resources and political will of the State, while positive rights can be suspended or restricted for the preservation of social life
Derogable rights can be suspended or restricted depending on circumstances, while civil rights are enforced at an instance of an individual for the purpose of securing their enjoyment of happiness