HRE

• Human rights are commonly understood as inalienable fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled simply because they are a human being
• Characteristics of Human Rights:

  • Inherent: not granted by any person or authority
  • Fundamental: without them, the life and dignity of man will be meaningless
  • Inalienable: cannot be rightfully taken away from a free individual unless specific situations call for it, subject to due process
  • Inprescriptible: cannot be lost even if not used or asserted, even over time
  • Indivisible: not capable of being divided
• Human rights protect all people regardless of race, nationality, gender, religion, and political leaning, among others, and should be respected without prejudice
• Human rights are interdependent, meaning the fulfillment or exercise of one cannot be had without the realization of the other
• Constitutional rights are conferred and protected by the Constitution and cannot be modified or taken away by the law-making body
• Natural rights are God-given rights, acknowledged by everybody to be morally good
• Statutory rights are rights provided by law promulgated by the law-making body
• Civil rights are rights that the law will enforce at the instance of private individuals for the purpose of securing to them the enjoyment of their means of happiness
• Political rights enable individuals to participate in running the affairs of the government either directly or indirectly
• Cultural rights ensure the well-being of the individual and foster the preservation, enrichment, and dynamic evolution of national culture based on the principle of unity in diversity in a climate of free artistic and intellectual expression
• Economic and social rights are laws enacted by the Congress concerning human rights to achieve social and economic development
• Rights of equality, also known as rights against discrimination, ensure everyone is equal before the law and entitled to equal protection or the equal benefit of the law
• Legal rights are rights that constitute due process that can be invoked by persons accused
• Rights of equality protect against discrimination on various grounds and ensure equal protection under the law
• Derogable/can-be limited rights may be suspended or restricted depending on circumstances for the preservation of social life
• Police power is the most pervasive, the least limitable, and the most demanding of the three inherent powers of the government, regulating property and liberty
• Eminent domain is the power of the government to expropriate private property for public use
• Taxation is considered the lifeblood of the Government, without which the Government would not be operational
• Just compensation refers to the compensation individuals receive when their property gets seized by the government for public use
• Public law governs the obligations of States towards citizens and other individuals within their jurisdiction
• International human rights law primarily consists of treaties and agreements between sovereign states intended to have binding legal effect and customary international law
• The Charter of the United Nations and the Declaration in Paris were adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1945 and 1948
• The Office of the High Commissioner is mandated to respond to serious violations of human rights and undertake preventive action
• The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a milestone document in the history of human rights adopted and proclaimed by the UN General Assembly on December 10, 1948
• Human rights education refers to the learning that develops the knowledge, skills, and values of human rights
• Human rights are rights belonging to everyone simply because they are human beings
• Inalienable rights are those that cannot be taken away other than in specific situations
• Universal rights are considered the basis of human rights because all humans are born free and equal in dignity and rights
• Rights of equality afford the same rights and responsibilities equally to all individuals, regardless of gender, by virtue of their humanity
• Human rights embody basic standards without which people cannot realize their inherent human dignity
• Inherent rights guarantee the security of people against abuse of the State's inherent powers: police power, eminent domain, and taxation
• Protective rights of persons in armed conflict are specifically intended to solve humanitarian problems arising from international or non-international armed conflicts
• International humanitarian law restricts the means and methods of warfare and includes limitations on weapons used during armed conflict
• Under the principle of IHL, a State has the right to defend its unity and territorial integrity by all legitimate means
• Rights of equality state that human rights are applied equally and without discrimination to all people
• Moral rights are rights not part of any law but considered morally good and must be followed as they conform to societal norms
• Positive rights are programmable rights depending on the resources and political will of the State
• Derogable rights can be suspended or restricted depending on circumstances for the preservation of social life
• Statutory rights are programmable rights depending on the resources and political will of the State, while positive rights can be suspended or restricted for the preservation of social life
• Derogable rights can be suspended or restricted depending on circumstances, while civil rights are enforced at an instance of an individual for the purpose of securing their enjoyment of happiness