test

• What happens to binding energy as the size of the atom increases?

  It increases due to larger positive charge
• Why do outer shell electrons require less energy to be freed?

  They are further from the nucleus
• What are the two types of electron interactions in X-ray production?

  • Elastic scattering
  • Inelastic scattering
• What is conserved during elastic scattering?

  Kinetic energy
• What happens to energy during inelastic scattering?

  Some energy is lost to target material
• What is produced during inelastic interactions?

  X-ray photon
• What occurs when an incoming electron ionizes an atom?

  An electron leaves its shell and the atom
• What is a delta ray?

  The ejected electron from ionization
• What happens after an electron fills a vacancy in an atom's shell?

  It emits a photon of characteristic radiation
• What two types of radiation are involved in X-ray production?

  Characteristic radiation and Bremsstrahlung
• What is characteristic radiation specific to?

  Each individual atom
• What does Bremsstrahlung radiation depend on?

  Interactions with the target atom
• What percentage of an X-ray beam is typically Bremsstrahlung?

  90%
• What is the required kVp for characteristic radiation production?

  70 kVp or higher
• What is the relationship between atomic number and Bremsstrahlung interaction probability?

  Higher atomic number increases interaction probability
• How does energy affect the likelihood of Bremsstrahlung interactions?

  Higher energy increases chance of interaction
• What is the significance of the electron volt in relation to binding energy?

  It measures energy required to raise an electron
• How do electrons fill their shells in an atom?

  From inner to outer shell
• What is the binding energy of an electron?

  Energy required to hold it in its shell
• Which atom requires more energy to remove a k-shell electron?

  Atom with a large nucleus
• What is the relationship between binding energy and the kVp applied?

  Binding energy links to the kVp applied
• What is the role of the ejected electron in ionization?

  It can cause further excitations/ionizations
• What happens to the energy of an electron after it fills a vacancy in a lower energy level?

  It emits excess energy as a photon
• What is the significance of the spikes on the graph for characteristic radiation?

  They indicate binding energy of released electrons
• What type of spectrum is produced by Bremsstrahlung radiation?

  A continuous spectrum
• What is the effect of increasing kV and tube current on heat production?

  Heat production increases
• What is the probability of interaction in Bremsstrahlung proportional to?

  Proportional to Z x E$^2$
• What was the first medical application of X-rays?

  Treating skin cancer
• What is the significance of the electromagnetic spectrum in relation to X-rays?

  Only X-rays and gamma rays can ionize
• What is the role of the kVp in X-ray production?

  It determines the energy of the X-rays
• What is the effect of increasing atomic number on Bremsstrahlung interactions?

  It increases the likelihood of interactions
• What is the relationship between energy and the type of radiation produced?

  Higher energy produces more Bremsstrahlung
• What is the significance of the continuous spectrum in Bremsstrahlung radiation?

  It shows a range of photon energies
• What is the effect of increasing kV on the X-ray beam composition?

  It increases Bremsstrahlung production
• What is the relationship between tube current and heat production?

  Higher tube current increases heat production
• What is the significance of the spikes in the characteristic radiation graph?

  They indicate specific binding energies
• What is the role of the incoming electron in X-ray production?

  It interacts with target atoms to produce radiation
• What is the significance of the energy range in Bremsstrahlung radiation?

  It depends on the interactions with the target
• What is the effect of increasing energy on the probability of Bremsstrahlung interactions?

  It increases the probability of interactions
• What is the relationship between the size of the nucleus and Bremsstrahlung interactions?

  Larger nuclei increase interaction likelihood