Enzymes in DNA Replication: Helicase, DNA Polymerase, Primase and Ligase.
Each strand has a sugar-phosphate backbone with nitrogenous bases attached to it.
Helicase - the unzipping enzyme
DNA Polymerase - the builder enzyme
Primase - creates the RNA primer
Ligase - the gluer enzyme
Cells have different functions
Two molecules that play very important roles in transmitting genetic traits: DNA & RNA that are present in all biological cells that are necessary for development and maintenance.
ROLE OF DNA: Can be found in the nucleus, contains the instructions for an organism to develop, survive, and reproduce.
A DNA can also be found in the Mitochondria, we call this the Mitochondrial DNA.
DNA - is known as the genome of all living organisms because its consists of genetic material.
Functions of a cell: Copies genes that are set to be passed to the daughter cell during cell division and uses genes to synthesize proteins.
Base-Pair Rule - Human DNA consists of about 3 billion bases and more that 99 percent of bases are the same of all people.. The bases bonds in a certain away.
DNA Replication - can make copies of itself. Each strand of the DNA in the double helix strand serve as a pattern for duplicating the sequence of bases. An important event when the cell is divide because each new cell DNA is replicated.
DNA Replication - the process of making a new strand with the old strand.
DNA - is considered as the blueprint of life
ROLE OF RNA: Since DNA is the blueprint of life, to read this blueprint, the double helical DNA is unzipped to expose the individual strands that translates it is called RNA.
mRNA - the intermediate message and carries the instructions for making proteins.
DNA replication - happens before cell division
Complementary base-pairing - the pairs of the old strand are paired with the new strand. The old strand serves as the template for making the new strand.
Topoisomerase - helps the Helicase enzyme, it unwinds the Chromosomes and DNA double-helix by creating small, reversible cuts.
Stages of DNA replication: Initiation and Elongation.
Initiation - when the Helicase unzips the double strand of DNA and the primase adds the RNA primer.
Elongation - the DNA polymerase adds nucleobases (A-T-G-C)
DNA replication is said to be semiconservative because it consists of an old and new strand.
The direction of the leading strand is from 5' to 3'.
The direction of the lagging strand (new strand) is from 3' to 5'.
Ozaki Fragment - chunks of DNA that are formed during discontinuous synthesis of the lagging strand.
Protein Synthesis - to make protein with a strand of DNA. This happens in the nucleus.
RNA polymerase - creates a strand of mRNA.
mRNA - takes the information of the DNA
tRNA - has amino acids
Codon - the pairing of the nucleobases of the mRNA by three.
Transcribing - transcribes the DNA - RNA
Translation - mRNA to Protein.
Main characters of Protein Synthesis: mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.