GEN CHEM 2
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Cards (95)
- Alchemy - chemical development starts here
- Alchemy - originated from the greek word “khemeia”
- Alchemy - art of changing inexpensive metals into expensive ones
- Chemistry - comes from egyptian word keme means “earth”
- Chemistry - science concerned with conposition, structure, and properties of matter eithout forgetting the changes during chemical reaction and energy associated
- Solutions - Homogeneous mixture of two or more substances whose composition are uniformly distributed
- solute - dissolved substances
- solvent - dissolving medium
- concentration - relative amount of somute and solvent
- Dilute Solution - has low concentration
- Dilute Solution - less amount of solute dissolved in a given solvent; Unsaturated Solution
- Saturated Solution - amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent is in its maximum
- Supersaturated solution - amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent is more than maximum
- Hypotonic Solution - concentration of solution inside the cell is higher than outside of the cell
- Isotonic Solution - concentration outside the cell is equal to the inside of the cell
- Hypertonic Solution - higher concentration outside the cell than the inside allowing solvent to leave the cell causing the cell to shrink
- FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF DISSOLVING:
- Stirring or Agitation
- Heating
- Powdering
- Stirring - merely moves the solvent particles faster and it allows more interaction between solute and solvent causing dissolution faster
- Heating - gives solvent particles more kinetic energy
- Heating - the faster the motion of particles the greater the collision with solute particles, increase in the rate of dissolution
- Powdering - smaller size of solute particles, the greater the surface area in contact with solvent
- TYPE OF SOLUTION:
- Dilute Solution
- Saturated Solution
- Supersaturated Solution
- Hypotonic Solution
- Isotonic Solution
- Hypertonic Solution
- Solubility - amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent
- Nature of Solute - likes dissolve likes
- Temperature - solubility of solids and liquid is directly proportional to the absolute temperature
- Temperature - gas is inversely proportional
- Pressure - minimal effect on solubility of solid and liquid
- Phase Diagram - graph of the relationship between the physical state and the temperature and pressure for the system
- Phase Field - only one state is possible
- Phase Boundary - two states will co exist
- Triple point - three states coexist
- Critical Point - the liquid and vapor phases will have no distinction