Gen. Bio. 2, qt 2

• are tiny, balloon-shaped air sacs located at the end of the bronchioles, the branch-like tubes in the lungs. Alveoli
• The alveoli move oxygen and carbon dioxide (CO2) molecules into and out of your bloodstream.
• Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.
• Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body
• They deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells while removing carbon dioxide to be eliminated from the lungs?

  Capillaries
• The parts of the Heart: Blood flow

  A) Superior Vena Cava

  B) Inferior Vena Cava

  C) Right Atrium

  D) Tricuspid Valve

  E) Right Ventricle

  F) Pulmonary Valve

  G) Pulmonary Artery

  H) Pulmonary Vein

  I) Left Atrium

  J) Mitral Valve

  K) Left Ventricle

  L) Aortic Valve

  M) Aorta

  N) Septum

  
• Animals breathe in oxygen from the environment and expel

  carbon dioxide to the environment. This process is called

  exchange.
• Different animals use different structures for gas exchange with the

  environment. Such structures are called respiratory surfaces.
• are outfoldings that extend from the body and are immersed in water. Gills
• are made up of internal sacs which are heavily subdivided and are found in most land vertebrates. Lungs
• the major organ in the respiratory system, found within your chest area called thoracic cavity and are protected by the rib cage. Lungs
• transport nutrients, gases, and wastes materials-all of which are necessary for life. Circulatory System
• The human heart has four chambers
• The atria receive blood will the ventricles pump blood to the lungs and the body.
• valve between atria and ventricles are called ventricular valve
• valve between the left ventricle and aorta that prevent the backflow of blood when it is pumped. semilunar valve
• function is to transport materials to the different parts of the body?

  Blood Vessel
• produce their own food but this does not mean that they also produce the nutrients that they need in order to do that. Plant Transport
• Is responsible for conveying signals to and from the skeletal muscles which can be voluntary or involuntary. Motor System
• Autonomic nervous system is mostly involuntary, like the control of the smooth and cardiac muscles of different glands (digestive, cardiovascular, excretory, and endocrine) maintains the internal environment.
• The autonomic nervous system can be further subdivided into three divisions: Parasympathetic, Sympathetic, and Enteric divisions
• The nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord, and a complex network of nerves
• The brain is what controls all the body's functions
• The spinal cord runs from the brain down through the back.
• Immunity is the capability of multicellular organisms to resist harmful microorganisms.
• The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord
• The brain controls how we think, learn, move, and feel.
• The spinal cord carries messages back and forth between the brain and the nerves that run throughout the body.
•  peripheral nervous system (PNS) is that part of your nervous system that lies outside your brain and spinal cord.
• Immunity that is present at birth and lasts a person's entire life. Innate immunity
• Innate immunity is the first response of the body's immune system to a harmful foreign substance.
• It is also known as acquired immunity. Adaptive immunity
• Antibodies are like superheroes of the immune system, but they do not kill the pathogens directly.
• Antibodies use different mechanisms in order to do their job, to facilitate the death of pathogens through phagocytosis or cell lysis.
• Antibodies use Neutralization wherein they attach themselves to the surface of the pathogens, making it impossible for these pathogens to attach to other cells.
• Antibodies can also induce Agglutination of microbes by binding several microbes together.
• Antibodies string several antigens together to immobilize them and make them easier targets.
• Antibodies can also promote the death of invaders through Cell Lysis.
• Active immunity is exhibited when antibodies are produced by one’s own body as a response to antigens.
• antibodies can also be passed on from one person to another such as through breastmilk or an immunization called passive immunity