nervous system

• Neurons are the basic functional units of the nervous system, responsible for receiving and transmitting signals to different parts of the body

  
• Neurons, the basic functional units of the nervous system, receive and transmit signals to different parts of the body

  
• The human nervous system is a complex network of nerves and nerve cells that carry messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to all parts of the body, responsible for controlling and coordinating bodily functions like movement, breathing, digestion, and reproduction

  
• A multipolar neuron has many dendrites (which receive signals) and one axon (which transmits signals), with the soma containing the nucleus, mitochondria, and other organelles, surrounded by a myelin sheath to increase signal speed, supported by Schwann cells, and connecting via nerve endings

  
• Three types of neurons: sensory neurons detect stimuli, motor neurons control muscles and glands, and interneurons connect sensory neurons to motor neurons

  
• Glial cells are non-neuronal cells that support the nervous system, found in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, with types like Schwann cells, oligodendrocytes, microglial cells, astrocytes, and ependymal cells, each with specific functions

  
• The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system comprises nerves branching out from the spinal cord to the body

  
• The parasympathetic nervous system, part of the autonomic nervous system, is responsible for "rest and digest" activities when the body is at rest

  
• The nervous system is the body's control center, regulating responses to stimuli, gathering information from inside and outside the body, transmitting it to the brain and spine for processing, and sending responses to muscles, glands, and organs for appropriate reactions
• Neurons are made up of dendrites, cell body, and axon, specialized for transmitting, processing, and conducting impulses or information
• Neurons receive stimuli and carry impulses towards the cell body, with the axon carrying impulses away from the cell body, and myelin insulating the axon for faster signal transmission
• Sensory neurons carry impulses from inside and outside the body to the brain and spinal cord, motor neurons carry impulses away from the brain and spinal cord, and interneurons process incoming impulses within the brain and spinal cord
• The central nervous system processes signals for the entire nervous system, comprising the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system carries messages to and from the central nervous system
• The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements, while the autonomic nervous system controls involuntary movements, with sympathetic division for "fight or flight" responses and parasympathetic division for maintaining body functions
• The forebrain controls motor and sensory functions, the thalamus is the primary relay center of the brain, the hypothalamus plays a role in homeostasis, the midbrain relays information from sense organs, the pons connects brain regions, and the medulla oblongata influences vital functions like heartbeat and breathing
• The cerebellum coordinates voluntary muscle movements and balance, while the medulla oblongata influences heartbeat, breathing, and blood vessel functions, and is responsible for reflexes and maintaining muscle tone
• The nervous system is responsible for maintaining balance (homeostasis) and regulating responses to external and internal stimuli
• Neuroglia, or glial cells, are supporting cells that form 40% of the brain's bulk, with types like astrocytes, ependymal cells, microglial cells, Schwann cells, and oligodendrocytes, each with specific functions
• The midbrain relays information from sense organs, the pons connects brain regions, and the medulla oblongata influences vital functions like heartbeat and breathing