PART 2

• Types of Coaches

  1. Single Deck
  2. Double-Decker Bus
  3. Trolley
• Single Deck


  Only has 1 level.
• Double-Decker Bus


  Has 2 levels. Primarily for passengers, but open-top models used as sigh-seeing buses for tourists.
• Trolley


  Powered electrically by two overhead wires.
• Rail


  • Means of conveyance of passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, aka tracks.
  • Train Transport
  • Popular in most developed countries
• Types of Rail

  1. Passenger Train
  2. Freight Train
• Passenger Train


  • Travels between stations where passengers may embark and disembark.
  • Companies: Amtrak (US), Eurorail (EU), Bullet Trains (JP), LRT/MRT/PNR (PH)
• Freight Train


  The use of railroads and trains to transport cargo.
• Water Transportation - Practice of transport passengers and cargo through waterways.

  • Waterways are navigable bodies of water such as rivers, lakes, seas, oceans, and canals.
• River

  • Natural stream of water, usually freshwater, flowing toward ocean, lake, or another stream.
  • Eg: Pasig River links Laguna de Bay into Manila Bay
• Canals

  • Require artificial waterways made for irrigation, navigation, or both.
  • Transport here requires lots of capital invest in construction and maintenance of its track.
• Seas

  • Part of ocean partially enclosed by land.
  • Smaller than oceans and usually located where land and ocean meet.
• Ocean

  • Entire body of salt water covers more than 70% of earth's surface.
• Lakes

  • Can either be natural like rivers or artificial like canals.
  • Generally found in mountainous areas.
  • Many are artificial and constructed for industrial or agricultural use, hydro-electric power generation, or for dome water supply
• Water Transpo.

  1. River
  2. Canals
  3. Lakes
  4. Seas
  5. Ocean
• Water Transpo. Infras.

  1. Port
  2. Harbor
  3. Marina
  4. Pier
  5. Dock
  6. Vessels
• Ports

  • Facility receiving ships and transferring cargo. Usually found at edge of ocean, sea, river, lake.
• Harbor

  • Place where ships shelter from weather or are stored.
• Marina

  • Sheltered harbor where boats and yachts kept in water and where services geared to needs of recreational boating are found.
  • Differs from port because it not handle large passenger ships or cargo from freighters.
• Pier

  • Raised walkway over the water, supported by widely spread piles or pillars.
• Dock

  • Body of water taken by a vessel when tied to a manmade structure (pier, wharf, float, etc.)
  • Group of structures involved in handling of boats or ships usually on or close to shore.
• 2 Types of Water Transpo: Boats and Ships
• Ships

  1. Cargo
  2. Passenger Vessels
  3. Special Purpose Vessels
• Boats

  • Watercraft designed to float, work, or travel on water.
  • Naval terms = small vessel to be carried another ship.
  • Comes in variety shapes, sizes, and construction methods due to their intended purpose, available materials, or local traditions. 
• 3 Types of Boats

  1. Unpowered or Human-Powered Boats
  2. Sailboats
  3. Motorboats
• Unpowered or Human-Powered Boats


  Propelled by using human power.
• Sailboats


  • Propelled solely by means of a sail.
  • A sail is piece of canvas or other fabric extended on rigging to catch the wind and propel vessel.
• Motorboats


  • Powerboats propelled by internal combustion or electric engine. 
  • Range in size from miniature craft designed to carry 1 person to seagoing vessels of 100 feet or more.
• Ships

  • Large buoyant watercraft.
  • Distinguished from boats based on size, shape, and cargo or passenger capacity.
  • Used on lakes, seas, rivers, and oceans for a variety of activities, such as the transport of people or goods, fishing, entertainment, public safety, and warfare.
• 2 Types of Cargo: Dry and Wet
• Dry Cargo

  • Used to carry solid dry goods such as metal ores, coal, steel products, forest products, etc.
  • Have a higher tolerance to heat and cold. 
  • These vessels are equipped with on-deck cranes and other mechanisms for loading and unloading goods. 
• Types of Dry Cargo

  1. Barge
  2. Bulk Carriers
  3. Container Ships
  4. Reefer Ships
  5. Costal Trading Vessels
• Barge


  Flat-bottomed boat, mainly for river and canal transport of heavy goods. Most are not self-propelled and need to be towed by tugboats or pushed by towboats.
• Bulk Carriers


  Used to transport bulk cargo items such as ore, coal, cement, food staples, etc. It can be recognized by the large box-like hatches on its deck, designed to slide outboard for loading.
• Container Ships


  • Containerization is technique to carry entire load in truck-size containers. 
  • Primarily used for the transportation of non-bulk cargo, generally manufactured goods in truck-size intermodal containers. 
  • Informally known as "box boats," they carry approximately 90% of the world’s non-bulk cargo.
• Reefer Ships


  Typically used to transport perishable commodities which require temperature-controlled transportation.
• Coastal Trading Vessels


  • Aka coasters, are shallow-hulled ships used for trade between locations on the same island or continent. 
  • Their shallow hulls (main body of the ship) mean can get through reefs.
• Liquid Cargo

  • Carry cargo in liquid form. 
  • Possible cargoes are crude oil, oil products, wine, and chemical substances. 
• Type of Liquid Cargo

  1. Tankers
• Tankers


  • Transport of fluids, such as crude oil, petroleum products, liquefied petroleum gas, liquefied natural gas, and chemicals, also vegetable oils, wine, and other food. 
  • This sector comprises one-third of the world's tonnage.