RIZ2

• Sa Aking mga Kababata - a masterpiece of Rizal
• Additionally, the letter K was not widely used in 1869 when Rizal was a child; words were spelled with a C
• The term Kalayaan,” as we know it today, was not widely used in the 19th century.
• In fact, Rizal first encountered the word Kalayaan in the summer of 1882 when he was 21 years old.
• full name of rizal - Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda
• Rizal was born on June 19, 1861, in the lakeshore town of Calamba, Laguna.
• The birth of Rizal occurred between eleven and twelve o’clock at night, just a few days before the full moon
• The birthing process was not easy, as Rizal’s mother struggled due to the size of his head
• Three days later, Jose Protacio was baptized in a Catholic Church by the parish priest, Father Rufino Collantes
• the child was christened Jose Protacio in honor of two saints
• His mother was a devout follower of Saint Joseph or San Jose
• While the name “Protacio” was inspired by Saint Gervacio-----> Protacio, whose feast is celebrated every June 19th.
• The surname Mercado comes from Rizal’s Chinese ancestor, Domingo Lam-co
• In order to avoid anti-Chinese sentiment from the Spanish authorities, Lam-co changed his family’s surname to Mercado which means market
• The surname Rizal is the surname adopted by the Mercados during the 1840s because of the Claveria Decree
• During the 1840s, Governor-General Narciso Claveria mandated that Filipinos adopt surnames to facilitate census work and tax collection
• The " y " in Spanish names indicates the conjunction “ and ” and separates the patriarch’s and matriarch’s surnames
• The surname Alonso comes from Rizal’s mother’s old family name
• The surname Realonda was the adopted surname of the Alonsos of Biñan due to the Claveria Decree
• According to the book in Excelsis, writer Felice Prudente Santa Maria explains that Rizal got the nickname “Pepe” because the letter P.P were always used the nickname of Saint Joseph
• Jose Rizal was the seventh child of the Mercado family, who were relatively well-off and lived on a tenant land owned by a Dominican in Calamba, Laguna
• Saturnina ( Neneng ) She’s the oldest of the Rizal children. She married Manuel T. Hidalgo of Tanawan, Batangas and had five children together.
• Paciano - Also known as: Lolo Ciano : He was the older (also only) brother and confidant of Jose Rizal. After his younger brother’s execution, he joined the Philippine Revolution and became a combat general. After the revolution, he retired to his farm in Los Baños , where he lived as a gentleman farmer and died an old bachelor aged 79. He had two children by his mistress( Severina Decena )- a boy and a girl
• Narcisa - Pet name: Sisa : She was the one who found the unmarked grave of her brother in the abandoned Old Paco Cemetery. She married Antonio Lopez(nephew of Father Leoncio Lopez), a school teacher and musician from Morong.
• Olimpia : Pet name: Ypia : She married Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph operator from Manila and together they had three children. She died in 1887 from childbiorth when she was only 32 years old.
• Lucia - She married Mariano Herbosa of Calamba, who was a nephew of Father Casanas. Together, they had five children. In 1889, Mariano died due to an epidemic but was denied a Christian burial. This was due to the fact that he was the brother in law of Jose Rizal
• Maria - Nickname: Biang : She married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biňan, Laguna and together they had 5 children. Mauricio Cruz, one of her children became a student of Jose Rizal in Dapitan and was known to be one of his uncle’s favorites. She was a known recipient of many old Jose’s letters during his lifetime.
• Concepcion : Pet name: Concha : She did not live very long as she died of sickness at the age of 3. Her death was Rizal’s first sorrow in life.
• Josefa : Pet name: Panggo : She was unmarried and lived together with her younger sister Trinidad until death. she was said to have suffered from epilepsy
• Trinidad : Pet name: Trining : She remained unmarried and live together with her sister Josefa. She was the one who received an alcohol lamp from brother Jose, in which he secretly hid the “Last Farewell” better known as “Mi Ultimo Adios”, a poem Rizal on the eve of his death in 1896. She died in 1951, outliving all her siblings
• Soledad : Pet name: Choleng : She was the youngest of the Rizal siblings. She married Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba and together they had 5 children
• Francisco Mercado Rizal was more than just the father of Jose Rizal; he was a man of admirable qualities ; Born on May 11 , 1818 , in Biňan Laguna, Francisco Mercado Rizal studied Latin and Philosophy at the College of San Jose in Manila
• Juan Mercado - father of Francisco Mercado
• In Calamba, Francisco was well-respected and known as “ Don Francisco ” or “ Don Kiko ”
• Don - is an honorific prefix used to show respect and courtesy.
• Don Francisco was elected by the citizens of Calamba to be their cabeza de barangay
• In 1881, Jose made a clay bust of Don Kiko
• IN 1881 Six years later, Rizal carved a life-size wood sculpture of his father
• In honor of his father, Jose even named his premature son (with Josephine Bracken) “ Francisco ”
• Rizal : “ Ah! Without her what would…have been my fate? After God, the mother is everything to man.