8.12A Nationalist Movements

• Differences between a nation and a state:

  
• Consequences of disunity:

  • There are strong nationalist movements seeking to create independent, smaller states (separatism) whilst remaining within larger trading groups (Catalonia or Scotland wishing to be separate but remain in the EU)
• These nationalistic movements arise due to:

  • Differences in languages and cultures
  • Peripheral location geographically (Bangladesh was once part of Pakistan but separated by India)
  • Alienation from central government
  • Or a combination of above factors
• Independence movement: Where?

  Catalonia

  • Autonomous region the northeastern corner of Spain. It is bordered by France and Andorra to the north


  Scotland

  • Northern region of the UK
• Independence movement: Language?

  Catalonia

  • Catalan

  Scotland

  • English with Scots and Scottish Gaelic as minority languages
• Independence movement: Background info

  Catalonia

  • Recognised as a separate nationality by the new democratic government in 1979, but not granted independence.


  Scotland

  • The Scots have always resented the way their nation is controlled by English politicians sitting Westminster. Ancient conflicts with the English stir up strong feelings on nationalism, yet in 2014, the Scottish people chose to remain part of the UK
• Independence movement: Recent movement

  Catalonia

  • Large pro-independence demonstrations held which culminated in an independence referendum being held in October 2017.
  • The referendum attracted a 43% turnout, with 90% of the votes returning 'yes'.
  • The Spanish government in Madrid declared it illegal and Madrid imposed direct rule on the region shortly afterwards. 


  Scotland

  • Out of 59 Scottish seats, 48 were won by the SNP
  • Although Scotland has an income from oil and gas, recent price fluctuations means that independence may cost more
• Independence movement: Result

  Catalonia

  • No other state recognised the result as valid and independence wasn't gained. 
  • Some leaders of the separatist movement were put on trial, and others fled the country. The trial increased tensions with Madrid 


  Scotland

  • In 2020, support for Scottish independence is higher than in 2014, and a second referendum is being pushed for. 
  • Brexit may be the catalyst for a Scottish independence as support for the EU is strong with over 60% of Scotland voting to 'remain' in the EU