Graphics and Visual Computing

• Computer Graphics


  The creation of, manipulation of, analysis of, and interaction with pictorial representations of objects and data using computers.
• Computer Graphics


  (Realistic) Pictorial synthesis of real and/or imaginary objects from their computer-based models (or datasets)
• Fundamentals, Core Elements of Computer Graphics

  Modeling, Rendering, Interaction, Animation
• Computer Graphics


  is a computation and a new method of visual computing
• vision


  About 50% of the brain neurons are associated with
• Computer Graphics


  Dominant form of computer output
• Uses of Computer Graphics

  Entertainment, Graphical user interface, Computer aided design and manufacturing, Engineering design, analysis and business, Architectural Design, Textile Industry, Medical applications, Computer Art, Scientific visualization / simulation, Virtual Reality and others
• Visualization


  A method of extracting meaningful information from complex or voluminous datasets through the use of interactive graphics and imaging
• visual system


  permits much faster perception of visual information and identify their spatial relationships than any other modes
• Computer Graphics


  is the art of drawing pictures, lines, charts, etc. using computers with the help of programming.
• Pixel


  is the smallest addressable graphical unit represented on the computer screen.
• computer


  is an information processing machine
• Computer Graphics


  is one of the most effective and commonly used ways of communication with the user.
• pictures, charts, diagrams, and graphs


  It displays the information in the form of graphical objects such as
• Graphical objects


  convey more information in less time and easily understandable formats for example statically graph shown in the stock exchange
• collection of discrete pixels


  In computer graphics, picture or graphics objects are presented as a
• Rasterization


  The special procedure determines which pixel will provide the best approximation to the desired picture or graphics object this process is known as
• Scan Conversion


  The process of representing a continuous picture or graphics object as a collection of discrete pixels is called
• User interface


  Visual object which we observe on the screen which communicates with the user is one of the most useful applications of computer graphics.
• Office automation and desktop publishing

  It is used for the creation and dissemination of information. It is used in the in-house creation and printing of documents that contain text, tables, graphs, and other forms of drawn or scanned images or pictures.
• Computer-aided drafting and design


  It uses graphics to design components and systems such as automobile bodies structures of buildings etc.
• Simulation and animation


  Use of graphics in simulation makes mathematical models and mechanical systems more realistic and easy to study.
• Art and commerce


  There are many tools provided by graphics that allows users to take their picture animated and attracted which are used in advertising.
• Process control


  Now a day's automation is used which is graphically displayed on the screen.
• Cartography


  Computer graphics are also used to represent geographic maps, weather maps, oceanographic charts, etc.
• Education and training


  Computer graphics can be used to generate models of physical, financial, and economic systems. These models can be used as educational aids.
• Image processing


  It is used to process an image by changing the property of the image
• General programming package and Special-purpose application package


  two types of graphics software
• General programming package


  provides an extensive set of graphics functions that can be used in a high-level programming language such as C or FORTRAN.
• General programming package


  It includes basic drawing element shapes like lines, curves, polygon, the color of element transformation, etc. Ex. Graphics Library
• Special-purpose application package


  is customized for the particular application which implements the required facility and provides an interface so that users need not worry about how it will work (programming). Users can simply use it by interfacing with the application. Ex. CAD, medical and business systems
• Cartesian coordinate


  Except few all other general packages are designed to be used with
• Special-purpose application package


  may allow the use of other coordinates which suit the application.
• modeling coordinates or sometimes local coordinates or master coordinates


  We can construct the shape of an object with a separate coordinate system called
• world coordinates


  Once individual object shapes have been specified we can place the objects into appropriate positions called
• Device Coordinates or Screen Coordinates


  Finally, the World-coordinates description of the scene is transferred to one or more output device reference frames for display. These display coordinate systems are referred to as
• Portability


  The primary goal of standardized graphics software is ___ so that it can be used in any hardware systems & avoid rewriting of software program for different system
• Graphical Kernel System


  This system was adopted as the first graphics software standard by the international standard organization (ISO) and various national standard organizations including ANSI.
• Graphical Kernel System


  was originally designed as the two-dimensional graphics package and then later extension was developed for three dimensions
• PHIGS


  is an extension of GKS.