APUSH - Politics Unit 3 + 4

• Dartmouth College v. Woodward: In 1819, It protected corporations from domination by the state government.
• Fletcher v. Peck: In 1810, It asserted the right of the Supreme Court to invalidate state laws in conflict with the federal constitution.
• Gibbons v. Ogden: In 1824, the ruling reasserted that congress had the sole power to regulate interstate commerce.
• McCulloch v. Maryland: In 1819, established the constitutionality of the Federal bank and ruled that states could not tax the federal government.
• Marbury v. Madison: In 1819, it established that the Supreme Court had the power to declare laws unconstitutional.
• Daniel Webster: He defended the Union during the nullification crisis and was a federalist.
• Henry Clay: Created the American System and a National Republican.
• James Madison: Wrote the federalist papers and was both a federalist and a democratic republican. Was a Jeffersion Era presiednt.
• James Monroe: created the Monroe doctrine and was. Jacksonian era president.
• John Marshall: Kept the court federalist and established Judicial review.
• John Quincy Adams: Became president through corrupt bargain and was a Federalist.
• Midnight Judges: Kept the Judicial branch federalist following the revolution of 1800.
• National Republicans: A faction of the Democratic-Republicans that arose during the Era of Good Feelings. Northerns that had the same values as Federalist.
• Samuel Chase: Federalist and Supreme Court justice who was impeached as retaliation from the Midnight Judges.
• Spoils System: A large part of the era of Jackson as it put the common people in government offices. It was the precursor to Patronge of the Gilded Age.
• Transcendentalism: A philosophical movement that emphasized the importance of the individual and their rights.
• Judicial Review: It was established through Marbury v. Madison, which established that the Supreme Court was the final arbitrator of constitutionality.
• Whigs: Part of the era of Jacksonian democracy and had a focus on the common man.
• Albert Gatlin: Secretary of the Treasury and helped shaped the American fiscal policy by supporting the reduction of the U.S's debt and westward expansion.
• Brigham Young: Morman leader who delayed Utah's admission into the Union.
• Hartford Convention: In 1786, representatives from 9 northern states met. They created insane demands that finalized the death of the Federalist party.
• Judiciary Act of 1801: Created new courts in order to keep one branch of the U.S. Government federalist.
• Know-Nothing Party: A political party of the 1800s that was rooted in heavy nationlism.
• Yazoo Land Compromise: In 1795, four companies bribed the Georgia legislature to sell land, which led to Fletcher v. Peck.
• The War of 1812: Led to an era of good feelings and a new wave of American nativism.
• Democratic Republicans: Supported low taxes and opposed the National Bank.
• Panic of 1819: Caused due to easy money polices and the over speculation of land.
• American System: Protectives Tariffs, National Bank, Transportation. Most likely supported by northern and federalists.
• Tariff of 1833: A compromise to end the nullification crisis.
• Panic of 1837: Caused by the banking policies of Andrew Jackson such as Specie Circular and taking the funds out of the National Bank.
• Tariff of Abominations: In 1828, a high protective tariff was placed on imported goods to protect American industries. Southerners were extremely upset.
• Independent Treasury: Martin Van Buren's economic policy was supposed to restore confidence in banking.
• Monroe Doctrine: 1823, US President James Monroe stated that the US would not tolerate European interference in the Americas
• Election of 1824: No one wins; Corrupt Bargain and John Quincy Adams become president. Leads to the formation of the Democratic Party.
• Election of 1828: Jackson wins and this new era of the common man follows.
• Election of 1832: Jackson wins re-election.
• The Second party sytem started to appear in 1828.
• Cherokee Nation v. Georgia: In 1831, Native American Tribes were foreign nations, and therefore, the government had no jurisdiction.
• Worcester v. Georgia: In 1832, tribes were sovereign entities and not subject to federal authority.
• Election of 1836: Van Buren is a one-termer because of the panic of 1837.