PNF

• Avocado (Persea Americana Mill.) is also known as Aguacate in Spanish and Alligator pear in English

  
• Avocado parts used: bark, fruit, leaves, and seeds. Indications for use include rheumatism, neuralgia, and as a beverage
• Avocado constituents: fruit contains fixed oil (6-10%) and protein (1.3-6%), while the bark has volatile oil, methyl chavicol
• Akapulko (Cassia alata L.) is used for ringworm and other skin fungus infections by crushing leaves and rubbing juice on affected parts

  
• Akapulko constituents include chrysophanic acid, oxymethyl anthraquinone, aloe-emodin, rhein, and cassiaxanthone
• Alagaw (Premna odorata Blanco) is used for cough, gas pain, and headache. The leaves and flowering tops are used, and it contains volatile oil (0.02%)

  
• Ampalayá (Momordica charantia L.) is known as Bitter gourd in English and is used for asthma, chronic colitis, diabetes mellitus, fever, and skin diseases

  
• Ampalayá constituents include momordicin, charantin, iron, phosphorus, calcium, and vitamin B
• Ampalayá can be used as food, both wild and cultivated, and is a good source of phosphorus, calcium, iron, and protein
• Anis (Foeniculum vulgare Miller) is used for fainting and gas pain. The fruits are inhaled for fainting

  
• An index of plant species in the Philippines includes scientific names in Latin, local names in various Philippine languages and dialects, and indications and directions for use

  
• Foeniculum vulgare Miller is known as Fennel in English and Haras in Tagalog, with the fruit used for fainting, gas pain, and flavor
• Anona reticulata L., also called Bullock’s heart in English and Sarikaya in Sulawesi, uses fresh leaves for abdominal pain and unripe fruits as an anthelmintic
• Bixa orellana L., known as Annatto in English and Achíti in Ilk, uses leaves and seeds for headache and food coloring
• Ocimum basilicum L., or Balanoy, is used for cough, gas pain, insect bites, skin ulcers, and toothache, with constituents like volatile oil and references to its medicinal properties
• Cassia occidentalis L., also known as Balatong aso, is used for asthma, gas pain, toothache, and skin diseases, with seeds containing fatty matter, tannic acid, and other components
• Glycine max (I.) Merr., commonly known as Soybean, uses roots for cuts and lacerations, and beans as a food source rich in proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins A and B
• Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq., or Balbas-pusa, is a diuretic and used for renal stones and toothache, with fresh leaves containing potassium salts
• Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers., also called Banaba, uses leaves, fruits, and bark for diabetes mellitus and as a diuretic, containing tannins, glucoside, and amino acids
• Parts used in Banato: leaves, fruits, and bark
• Indications and directions for use of Banato:

  • Diabetes mellitus: take decoction of leaves, bark, or dried fruit as tea
  • Diuretic: take decoction of leaves
• Banato constituents: tannins, glucoside, amino acid
• Scientific names and other names of Banato:

  • Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Muell-Arg. (Fam. Euphorbiaceae)
  • Other names: Apuyot (Sul.), Pikal (Sbl.), Buas (Ilk.), Rottlera (Engl.), Darandang (Tag), Sala (Tag., Bis.), Kamala (Engl.), Tafu (Ibn.), Panagisen (Ibn.), Tagusala (P Bis.), Panagisian (Ibn.,Klg.,Neg.), Tutula (Tagb.), Pangaplasin (Ilk.)
• Parts used in Bani: seeds, roots, and bark
• Indications and directions for use of Bani:

  • Coughs: take decoction of leaves as needed
  • Gastric disorders (tympanism, dyspepsia, diarrhea): take decoction of leaves as needed
  • Hemorrhoids: use finely pounded leaves as poultice or insert into rectum as suppository at bedtime
  • Skin diseases: roast seeds, pound, and apply over affected areas
  • Skin ulcers: crush roots or leaves and apply juice over affected areas
• Bani constituents: fixed oil, crystalline bitter principle
• Parts used in Batino: fresh leaves
• Indications and directions for use of Batino:

  • Sprains, bruises, contusions: crush leaves, mix with a little coconut oil, warm and apply on affected areas
• Batino constituents: total alkaloids 0.99% - macrophyline, macralstonine, macralstonidine, villastonine, monomeric indole alkaloids, dimethoxy alstophylline
• Scientific names and other names of Batino:

  • Alstonia macrophylla G. Don. (Fam. Apocynaceae)
  • Other names: Barakir (Bag.), Basikálang (Ting., Ibn.), Basikárang (llk.), Batikalág (Pang.), Busisi (Ibn.), Dalakan (Ilk.), Itang-itang (P. Bis.), Koanan (P. Bis.), Kuyau-kuyal (Bik.), Kuyauyáu (Bik.), Pañgalanutién (llk.), Pañgalisoklóen (Pang.), Pañgalunádsien (IIk.), Pañgoláksien (Ibr..), Sulusilhigan (Tagb.), Tangitang (P. Bis.), Tuliñgan (Sul.)
• Parts used in Bawang: bulbs (dried or fresh) and leaves (fresh)
• Indications and directions for use of Bawang:

  • Arthritis and rheumatism: crush cloves and rub on affected areas
  • Headache: crush a clove and apply to temples as poultice
  • Hypertension: eat fresh leaves and bulbs or chew cloves alone or with food
  • Insect bite: cut a clove and rub directly on affected areas
  • Condiment for food
• Bawang constituents:

  • Bulb: allicin, volatile oil, inulin, protein, fat, carbohydrates, ash, choline, myrosinase, diallylsulfide, selenium
  • Leaves: protein, fat, sulfides
• Scientific names and other names of Bawang:

  • Allium sativum L. (Fam. Liliaceae)
  • Other names: Ajos (Span. Bis.), Garlic (Engl.)
• Parts used in Bayabas: leaves (fresh) and fruits (unripe)
• Indications and directions for use of Bayabas:

  • Aromatic Bath: use warm decoction of leaves
  • Diarrhea: drink decoction of leaves every few hours based on age
  • Skin ulcers: apply decoction of leaves or unripe fruit as wash or poultice
  • Toothache: chew young fresh leaves and insert into cavity
  • Vaginal wash: use warm decoction of leaves after childbirth
• Bayabas constituents: fixed oil, volatile oil (eugenol, beta-caryophyllene, cioneole, benzaldehyde, limonene), tannin
• Scientific names and other names of Bayabas:

  • Psidium guajavas L. (Fam. Myrtaceae)
  • Other names: Bagábas (Ig.), Gaiyábat (If.), Guayábas (Tag.), Bayábo (Ibn.), Gaiyábit (If.), Guyábas (Ilk.), Bayáuas (Bik.,Pang.), Geyábas (Bon.), Kalimbahin (Tag.), Biabas (Sul.), Guava (Engl.), Tayábas (Tag.)
• Parts used in Buñga: seeds, roots, and bark
• Indications and directions for use of Buñga:

  • Coughs: take decoction of leaves as needed
  • Gastric disorders: take decoction of leaves as needed
  • Hemorrhoids: use leaves as poultice or suppository
  • Skin diseases: apply leaves or seeds on affected areas
  • Skin ulcers: apply juice over affected areas