Geology

• The Earth's crust is the outermost layer, composed mainly of silicate minerals.
• The core consists of two parts - an inner solid core (about 1300 km thick) and an outer liquid core (about 4000 km thick).
• The mantle lies beneath the crust and extends to about 2900 km below the surface.
• Plate tectonics

  1. Heat from the core rises.
  2. It spreads pulling the plate sideways with it.
  3. It then cools and sinks back down towards the core.
  4. This is called Plate Tectonics and it is what causes our continents to move.
• Fossils

  After an animal dies the soft parts of its body decompose leaving the hard parts, like the skeleton behind. This becomes buried by small particles of rock called sediment. As more layers of sediment build up on top, the sediment around the skeleton begins to compactand turn to rock. The bones then start to be dissolved by water seeping through the rock. Mineralsin the water replace the bone, leaving a rock replica of the original bone called a fossil
• The rock cycle

  Lable the rock cycle

  A) Melting

  B) Igneous

  C) Weathering an erosion

  D) sediment

  E) Compaction and cementation

  F) sedimentary

  G) weathering and erosion

  H) Heat and pressure

  I) metamorphic

  J) magma

  
• Sedimentary

  Coal & Chalk. contains layers. It is soft. Erosion breaks up the rocks and weathering moves the bits away. These grains are fixed together by compaction and cementation. It contains fossils.
• Metamorphic

  Marble and slate. Contains thin layers. It's harder than sedimentary. Extreme pressures and temperatures on sedimentary rock make metamorphic rocks. Contains twisted fossils.
• Igneous

  Granite & Basalt. No layers. Hardest rock type. The inside of the earth is very hot – hot enough to melt rocks. Molten (liquid) rock forms when rocks melt. The molten rock is called magma. When the magma cools and solidifies igneous rock forms. Doesn't contain fossils.