Topic 3 - New Media

• What is new media?

  Screen based, digital technology involving the integration of images, text and sound
• What are some examples of new media?

  - Internet

  - Digital TV / Satellite

  - Smartphones

  - Computers

  - Dating sites

  - Social networking

  - CDs/DVDs

  - Video games
• What are some features of new media?

  - User created media

  - Digital, screen based

  - Allows users to interact
• How is new media beneficial?

  - Saves space

  - Easier to communicate
• How is new media a danger?

  Decrease in social interaction
• What does Lister distinguish from?

  New forms of media from traditional, 6 main characteristics
• What is Digitality?

  Using computers, data stored + picked up using screen based products
• What does Boyle argue about digitality?

  Allows information to be delivered across a range of platforms due to convergence
• What is Interactivity?

  Where the audience interacts with them media, creates their own media rather than passive consumption
• What does Jenkins argue about interactivity?

  Led to participatory culture - media companies rely heavily on the audience to contribute to the content
• What is Collective intelligence?


  Users interacting with each other creating a buzz
• What does Jenkins argue about collective intelligence?


  None of us know everything, but we each know something and if we pool this together we have collective intelligence which contradicts the power of media owners
• What is Virtuality?

  Various ways people can immerse themselves in the media, creating online identities and virtual relationships
• What is Dispersal?

  The new media have become less centralised and more adapted to individual life, internet is no longer restricted to professionals and people make their own media
• What stats prove dispersal?

  - 2014: Over an hour and a half of user video content was uploaded on Youtube every second

  - 2011: 164 million blogs in English
• What is Hypertexuality?

  Links that form a web of connections to other pieces of information to allow for customised media
• What are some statistics for internet usage in the UK?

  - Internet use an average of 14 hours a week per person

  - TV viewing 12 hours a week

  - 84% of households had internet access
• What is stratification in new media?

  Media users differentiated by social class, gender, age and location
• What does Jones suggest?

  Patters in internet access and use tend to reflect and amplify existing inequality
• What are some theories surrounding Social Class Inequality?


  Jones: 1/3 of population due to low socio-economic status + age are digitally excluded

  Helsper: Digital underclass forming in UK, those who have low employment levels + education

  Livingstone + Wang: Digital divide getting worse as peopled required digital skills are not improving
• What are some theories surrounding Age Differences?

  Boyle: Younger generations grown up in a media saturated era + used it in education + employment

  Jones: Young people from disadvantaged backgrounds have limited access to internet
• What are some theories surrounding Gender Differences?

  Li + Kirkup: Increasing number of women using internet, underestimate new media + seen as a tool
• What are some statistics surrounding Location and global digital divide?

  27% of Africa online
• What impact has the growth of new media had on traditional media?

  - Cheaper, more mobile and widely accessible digital technologies <- citizen journalism

  - Technological expanding 'live coverage' and their transmissions to news organisations

  - Online criticism of mainstream news output

  - Development of online newsrooms

  - Engagement with the interactive aspects of new media <- email, social networks, blogs
• what changes in journalism of old media have the developments of new media led to accord to Bivens?

  Shifts in trad news flow cycles

  
  

  Heightened accountability

  
  

  Evolving news values
• what are 'shifts in trad news flow cycles'?

  News production relies on flow of info from trustworthy ppl, rise of citizen journalism = increase quantity of info, increased speed of info. Trad media no longer control the flow of info. journalists less time process news w/ 24 hr demand.
• what is heightened accountability?

  Citizen journalism made trad media orgs more accountable to public as reports scrutinised + responded to online + blogs. News cooperation's try tackle this by offering transparency in online material.
• what is evolving news values?


  news values emphasised through new media. Competitive market trad media companies need beat competition live coverage + uptodate news stories around world. Values of news orgs change as trad stations inc. non prof material
• what is churnalism?

  journalists write articles based on 'second hand news sources' + 'pre packaged press release' - cost cutting
• what do the Reuters institute for study of journalism argue about new media?


  suggest growing use of NM tech like smartphones + tablets meant trad news outlets struggle make profit as ppl access it online. leads to further concentration off media + gives corps like Facebook, google + apple more power
• what are the current values of the news?

  opinions of the audience - audience reaction

  how much audience drawn - shock/quick

  competing w/ audience as creators/distractions

  focus on quantity over quality
• what does McNair argue?

  NM elite group less power push news agenda. T.D. control of media owners replaced by cultural chaos. Readers hold power. C.J. growing power influence news reported by trad media. blogging, tweeting. YouTube. undermine influence media owners + more power ordinary ppl spread world events.
• what does Philo argue?

  agenda setting - media influence what don't think about removing issues from public discussions by avoiding them. Difficult crit dominant media account. Most provided for most ppl by TV + newspapers - little access to alt info sources. however C.J. has rising capacity shape trad news agendas.
• what does Bivens argue?

  shift in power slight, elite groups adapting + likely continue find ways shape media output. suggests news orgs retain power limit debate + preserve narrow news agendas. Philo's study of banking crisis shows elites power elite shape media agenda.
• what is churnalism + infotainment a consequence of?

  rise of churnalism + infotainment in trad media consequence of cost-cutting by media owners, + attempts to attract audiences + advertisers in competitive global media market.
• what an effect of expanding new media?

  time pressures from intensity of 24/7 rolling news in context of ever-expanding new media + the changing news flow cycles
• what are Curran and Seaton's two views of new medias impact in society?

  1) Cultural optimists/ Neo-Philliac view

  
  

  2) The cultural pessimist view:
• what is the cultural optimist view?

  Which sees the new media as playing a positive role in society - those who like, rapidly embrace and adapt to new media technology and are avid users of new media.
• what is the cultural pessimist view?

  This has a more negative view of new media in society and believes it is another form of social control.
• what are the arguments of the cultural optimist view?

  1) more informed consumers

  2) greater democracy

  3) more access to all kinds of info

  4) world becomes a global village

  4) social life is enhanced