Enzyme Action

• Enzymes are biological catalysts that increase the rate of reactions without being used up, with specific shapes and active sites for substrate binding
• Lock and Key Hypothesis explains how enzymes work:

  1. Substrate shape matches the active site, forming an enzyme-substrate complex

  2. Reaction occurs and products are released from the enzyme
• Enzymes require an optimum pH, temperature, and substrate concentration for efficient activity, with denaturation occurring when these conditions are not met
• Factors affecting enzyme activity:

  • Optimum temperature around 37 degrees Celsius for humans
  • Optimum pH around 7, but varies for different enzymes
  • Substrate concentration affects the rate of reaction up to a saturation point
• Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity

  A) Amylase

  B) Starch

  C) Iodine

  D) Iodine

  E) pH

  F) Beaker

  G) 50 ml

  H) Bunsen

  I) 3

  J) Amylase

  K) Starch

  L) 10

  M) pipette

  N) Iodine

  O) Blue-black

  P) Repeat

  Q) 10

  R) Orange

  S) 1-5

  T) Time Taken

  
• Rate = Change / Time
• Carbohydrase convert carbohydrates into simple sugars

  • Amylase breaks starch down into Maltose
  • Produced in your salivary glands, pancreas & small intestine
• Proteases convert proteins into amino acids

  • Pepsin
  • Produced in stomach, Pancreas and small intestine
• Lipases convert Lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

  • Produced in the pancreas and small intestine