week 5

• Disease - the result of an undesirable relationship within the host & the pathogen marked by interruption of normal functioning of a body part or parts.
• Infection- invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms.
• • Symbiosis- the relationship between the indigenous flora and the host
• Commensalism- form of symbiosis in which 1 organism benefits from another w/o causing harm to it r
• Mutualism- form of symbiosis in w/c both organisms benefit from the relationship
• • Parasitism- form of relationship in w/c 1 organism benefits from another at same time causes harm to the other
• • Pathogen- an organism that invades & causes damage or injury to the host
• • Pathogenecity- the ability of the organism to cause a disease.
• Contamination- the presence of organism outside the body, as well s on water, food & other biological substances.
• Pollution- the presence of undesirable substances in water , air or soil.
• KOCH’S POSTULATES - The same organism must be found in all cases of a given disease & must not be present in healthy individuals
• Portal of Entry- Mucous membrane (inhaled),skin (wounds,abrasion) parenteral route(Injections)
• Virulence of organism: Capsule enables organism to evade phagocytosis, Enzymes, Toxins
• Number of microbes- likelihood of disease increases as umber of pathogens increases
• Defensive powers of host- immune system
• Mechanical- organisms directly damage tissues or surface
• Chemical- bacteria produces chemicals & toxins
• Immunologic -response of the immune system
• Communicable Disease- a disease that spreads from one host to other, either directly or indirectly
• Non communicable disease- not spread from one person to another
• Contagious disease- easily spread from one person to another
• Exogenous -source of microorganism from outside of body
• Fulminating infection- infection that results in the death of the patient over a short period of time
• Nosocomial infection- hospital acquired infection
• Incidence - refers to number of people in population who developed a disease during a particular period of time
• Prevalence- number of people in population who developed disease at specified time
• Sporadic – occurs occasionally
• Endemic- constantly present in a population (Malaria endemic in Palawan)
• Epidemic- many people develop disease in a given locality at a short period of time
• Pandemic – disease is worldwide occurrence ( influenza, AIDS)
• • Zoonosis- disease primarily affecting lower animals
• Epizoonosis- disease that occur epidemic in lower animals
• Enzoonosis- endemic in lower animals
• •Bacteremia- presence of bacteria in the blood
• •Septicemia- presence of actively multiplying bacteria in blood
• Toxemia- presence of toxins in the blood
• Viremia- presence of viruses in the blood
• Pyemia- presence of pus producing bacteria in the blood
• Acute disease- develops rapidly but lasts for short period of time ( ex. common colds)
• Chronic disease- develops more slowly & occur for long period