IS

• Information system (IS): 

  – A set of interrelatedcomponents that collect,  manipulate, and disseminate data andinformation  and provide feedback to meet an objective 
• Businesses:  

  – Can use informationsystems to increase revenues  and reduce costs
• Information:  

  – One of an organization’s most valuable resources  – Oftenconfused with the term data 
• Data: 

  – Raw facts 
• Information: 

  – Collection of factsorganized in such a way that they  have value beyond the facts themselves 
• Process: 

  – Set of logically related tasks  
• Knowledge: 

  – Awareness andunderstanding of a set of information
• What is an Information System? 

   Input: 

  – Activity of gathering andcapturing raw data •Processing: 

  – Converting data into useful outputs 

  • Output: 

  – Production of usefulinformation, usually in the form  of documents and reports 

  • Feedback: 

  – Information from thesystem that is used to make  changes to input or processing activities 
• An information system can be: 

  – Manual or computerized 
• Single set of hardware, software, databases,  telecommunications, people, and procedures:

    – That are configured tocollect, manipulate, store, and  process data into information 
• Technology infrastructure:  

  – Includes all hardware,software, databases,  telecommunications, people, and procedures  • Configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process  datainto information 
• Hardware:  

  – Consists of computerequipment used to perform  input, processing, and output activities 
• • Software:  

  – Consists of the computer programs that governthe  operation of the computer 
• Database:  

  – Organized collection offacts and information,  typically consisting of two or more related datafiles 
• Telecommunications, networks, and the Internet: – The electronictransmission of signals for  

  communications 
• Networks:  

  – Connect computers andequipment to enable  electronic communication 
•  Internet:  

  – World’s largest computernetwork, consisting of  thousands of interconnected networks, allfreely  exchanging information 

   
• Intranet: 

  – Internal network thatallows people within an  organization to exchange information and workon  projects 
• Extranet: 

  – Network that allowsselected outsiders, such as  business partners and customers, toaccess  authorized resources of a company’s intranet 
• E-commerce: 

  – Any business transactionexecuted electronically  between: 

  • Companies (business-to-business,B2B) 

  • Companiesand consumers (business-to-consumer,  B2C) 

  • Consumers and otherconsumers  

  (consumer-to-consumer, C2C) 

  • Business and the public sector 

  • Consumers and the public sector 
• Mobile commerce (m-commerce): 

  – The use of mobile,wireless devices to place orders  and conduct business 
• E-commerce: 

  – Can enhance a company’sstock prices and market  value 
• Electronic business (e-business): 

  – Uses information systemsand the Internet to  perform all business-related tasks and functions
• Transaction processing system (TPS): – Organized collection of people,procedures,  software, databases, and devices used to record completed business transactions
• Management information system (MIS):  – Organized collection of people,procedures,  software, databases, and devices that provides  routineinformation to managers and decision  makers 
• Decision support system (DSS):  

  – Organized collection ofpeople, procedures,  software, databases, and devices that support problem-specific decision making 
• Knowledge management systems (KMSs): – Organized collection ofpeople, procedures,  software, databases, and devices to: 

  • Create,store, share, and use the organization’s  knowledge and experience 
• Artificial intelligence (AI): 

  – Computer system takes oncharacteristics of human  intelligence 
• Supply chain management (SCM): 

  – Determines:  

  • What supplies are required forvalue chain 

  • What quantities are needed tomeet customer demand • How supplies should be processed into finishedgoods  and services 

  • Howshipment of supplies and products to customers  should be scheduled,monitored, and controlled
• Technology acceptance model (TAM): 

  – Specifies the factors thatcan lead to better attitudes  about the information system 
• Technology diffusion: 

  – Measure of how widely technology is spread throughout an organization 
• Technology infusion: 

  – Extent to which technologypermeates a