Education

• which theorist found working class pupils(lads)rejected values of school ?

  Paul Willis
• What’s another word for male dominated?

  Androcentric
• Who came up with cultural capital theory ?

  Bourdieu
• Ball said education is increasingly controlled by private companies and charities
• Capitalists believe education becomes as source of?

  profit
• Molnar who is a Marxist believes private companies target schools to leigitamise their products
• Ball and youdell came up with 2 types of privatisation-endogenous and exogenous
• endogenous is when schools become privatised and act like businesses. exogenous is when companies get involved in schools
• Marxists and social democrats have problems with privatisation and marketisation of education as 


  certain groups are more advantaged than others
• globalisation in education is when there is an increase in international comparisons to see how well students do around the world
• Positive impact on narrowing the gender gaps between girls and boys include how they introduced seperate classes
• Narrowing the gender gaps in education
• Vocational courses


  • Courses for careers
• STEM

  • Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics
• Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM) subjects are in line with the Tripartite system
• Leading schemes

  • Programmes that support girls in STEM
• PISA stands for programme for international student assessment
• PISA measures literacy, maths and science skills
• who came up with the theory of cultural capital

  Bourdieu
• who believed in role allocation?

  davis and moore- education sorts and shifts everyone
• who came up with the ideological state apparatus?

  Althusser- the ruling class control peoples education ideas and beliefs through the system, media and religion
• repressive state apparatus ?

  ruling class control the working class through force and protect their power in society via police
• Chinese and Indian Asian pupils


  • Have higher levels of attainment than other Ethnic groups
• Gypsy Roma, travellers & Irish Heritage, Black and cantreans


  • The lowest achieving groups
• Pakistani and Bangladeshi minority ethnic groups (male)

  • The lowest achieving groups
• Minority ethnic groups are likely to be working class


  Class may be the issue, not ethnicity
• Minorities have cultural deprivation in education
• Type of cultural deprivation to do with literacy

  • Language
• Those who speak English still have difficulties

  Basil Bernsteins (1975) work on use & restricted and elaborated code found working class have restricted code of Speech and this conflicts with the middle class elaborated speech
• Although Lavbov suggested language was key reason to why African Caribbean boys do so poorly in education he places blame on?


  the school as he claims if teachers taught them using street language they would succeed and white middle class would fail instead
• swaan report concluded a difference in language was not a major factor in underachievement