Raahhh

• Overall look for cold war ?


  Hostility beteeen USSR and West from 1945 to 1991 that stopped short of direct war ehich was charactised by threats, proxy wars and nuclear competetion.
• What was the red scare?

  Foundation of American Communist society which affected peoples perspective on communism causing a overall scare of communist ideas in USA.
• How many people were suspected in January 1920 ?

  6.000 people arrested and imprisoned.
• What was the main conflicting ideologies?

  In Capitalism

  • In capitalism there were free elections .
  • freedom of speech and individual rights.
  • free market and private enterprise.

  In communsim

  • censorship
  • freedoms are restricted
  • planned economy
  • one party state
• What was Stalins main aims in Yalta ?

  Soviet sphere of influence specifically in Poland .

  • Security of boarders
  • Reperations from Germany
  • Recieve reperations from axis powers
  • Satellite states in Europe
• What was concluded in Bretton Woods?

  USSRs inclusion in ImF and World Bank with promise of a fat loan.
• Main Conclusions in Potsdam?

  -Division of Germany,

  -demilitarization,

  -denazification,

  -war reparations from Germany.

  -Americans wanted an entirely new goverment in Poland as they felt elections there had not been free, despite Stalins offer to include more Lublin Based Goverment.

  -Usa were unhappy about the spread of red army across europe.
• Who replaced Churchill?


  Clement Attlee
• Who replaced Roosevelt?


  Harry Truman
• Which countries did Stalin had expansionist ideas on List all 6 of them :

  Hungary, Bulgaria , Poland, Romania , East Germany , Czechoslovakia
• Why did Stalin expanded across Europe?

  His aim was to create a buffer zone against the hostile capitalist encirclement.
• Capitalism


  Economic system centered around liberalism, free markets, equality of opportunity, meritocracy, democracy
• Communism


  Economic and political system based on the ideas of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, critical of capitalism and exploitation of the proletariat by the bourgeois class
• Communism in Russia


  • Established after the Russian Revolution in 1917
  • Vladimir Lenin was the initial leader, an authoritarian who established a dictatorship
  • Joseph Stalin later took power, strengthened the dictatorship and centralization of power, implemented economic reforms like collectivization and developed a cult of personality
• Yalta Conference took place between Churchill, Stalin and Roosevelt


  1945
• Yalta Conference


  • Cooperation between capitalist and communist powers to plan for the end of WWII
  • Churchill and Roosevelt wanted collective security, international economic cooperation, and German reconstruction
  • USSR wanted to expand Soviet influence in Eastern Europe for security
• Despite cooperation at Yalta, there were still divisions between the capitalist and communist powers on their objectives for the post-WWII world
• Churchill and Roosevelt


  Wanted to see German reconstruction and re-education
• Denazification


  Policy to effectively de-radicalize German society away from nazism
• USSR


  Wanted to see security through expansion of Soviet influence in Eastern Europe, Middle East, and Asia
• USSR wanted to keep Germany weak in order to eventually turn it into a communist state
• Roosevelt


  Was more optimistic about post-war cooperation with Stalin compared to Truman
• Churchill


  Believed Stalin was intent on expanding USSR's influence in Europe
• Churchill wanted to protect British interests in Europe, specifically in the Balkans
• Potsdam Conference took place

  17 July - 1 August 1945
• At Potsdam, Germany was to be completely disarmed and demilitarized
• Denazification


  Process of de-radicalization
• Establishment of ad hoc military tribunals to try crimes committed during WWII, such as the Nuremberg Trials
• USSR was to receive reparations for the destruction on the Eastern Front
• Potsdam did little to reinforce international cooperation, and failed to deal with the growing tensions of the Grand Alliance
• Truman


  Was less trustful of Stalin compared to Roosevelt
• Grand Alliance


  Collaboration between Great Britain, the USSR and the USA to defeat the Axis powers in the Second World War
• Defeat of the Axis powers was certain, though not yet complete

  February 1945
• Yalta Conference


  Allied leaders (Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill) met to prepare for a general post-war settlement
• The final post-war settlement was never achieved, and the Potsdam Conference ended inconclusively</b>
• The tentative and ambiguous agreements made at Yalta became the foundation for post-war realities
• Capitalist democracies


  USA and Britain
• Features of capitalist democracy in Britain and the USA

  • Freedom
  • Liberty
  • Competition in the marketplace
  • Democracy
  • Free market economies
  • Free elections
  • A multi-party state
  • Equal social and economic opportunities
• Britain and the USA were concerned with protecting the freedoms of their capitalist democracy systems from the centralised control of communism, while the USSR was concerned with protecting its own communist system from the 'danger' posed by bourgeois capitalism
• Stalin's beliefs and aims

  • The victories of the Red Army would ensure a Soviet sphere of influence in Europe and Asia
  • The USSR should be compensated for its sacrifices and kept safe from future aggression
  • Large-scale reparations should be taken from Germany, with assurances that there would be 'friendly' governments in Eastern and Central Europe
  • The Baltic States should form a buffer zone (a collection of satellite states to the West of the USSR), as protection against possible future aggression from the West
  • The territory that the USSR had gained through the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in 1939, which included much of Poland, should be retained
  • No support should be given to the Polish government in exile in London