protists and fungi

Cards (44)

  • Fungi are eukaryotes with chitin cell walls that reproduce by spores, they are heterotrophs releasing digestive enzymes on their food and absorbing digested nutrients
  • Yeast are unicellular, while most fungi are multicellular with long filaments called hyphae and a fruiting body
  • Hyphae are arranged in a branching network called a mycelium, fungi expand their hyphae on food secreting digestive enzymes, absorb digested nutrients, and allow nutrients and organelles to move between cells
  • Fungi nutrition types:
    • Parasitic: absorb nutrients from living cells of a host organism
    • Predatory: trap prey with specialized structures
    • Mutualistic: form partnerships with other organisms
    • Saprobial: decomposers that absorb nutrients from dead organic matter
  • Fungi reproduce asexually by fragmentation and budding, and sexually and asexually by spores through the fruiting body
  • Lichens are a composite organism depending on a symbiotic relationship between fungi and green algae or cyanobacterium
  • In lichens, fungi anchor the green algae and provide water and carbon dioxide, while green algae provide fungi with sugars from photosynthesis
  • Lichens are crucial in soil formation as they can establish themselves on rocks and barren soils
  • fungi labelling:
    A) fruiting body
    B) mycelium
    C) hyphae
  • fungi labelling:
    A) mycelium
    B) hyphae
  • Some fungi reproduce asexually by producing vast numbers of haploid spores in specialized structures called sporangia
  • Lightweight spores are surrounded by a protective coating and can be easily dispersed through air or water
  • When spores land in a suitable environment, they germinate and form a new fungus
  • fungi life cycle:
    A) germination
    B) mitosis
    C) spores
  • Phylum of plant-like protists
    • Chrysophyta
    • Pyrrophyta
    • Euglenozoa
  • Phylum Euglenozoa
    Euglenoids: have eyespot to help them find light, have chloroplasts for photosynthesis, have single flagella to move towards light/prey, can be both autotrophic and heterotrophic
  • Autotrophic protists
    Photosynthetic
  • Plant-like protists
    Contain chlorophyll (perform photosynthesis), simpler than plants – no roots, stems, leaves, or flowers and most are unicellular – some can form simple multicellular clusters
  • Types of protists
    • Autotrophic
    • Heterotrophic
    • Both
  • Phylum Pyrrophyta
    Dinoflagellates: have 2 flagella, twirl through water, part of reef building corals, may have red photosynthetic pigments (red tide) which produces a neurotoxin
  • Heterotrophic protists

    Predators/parasites
  • Protist
    Microscopic and unicellular. They are eukaryotes are found in moist environments and normally reproduce through mitosis
  • Phylum Chrysophyta
    Diatoms and Phytoplankton: have rigid cell walls, reproduce asexually (mitosis) and sexually, free floating in oceans
  • identify the protist
    A) phylum chrysophyta
  • identify protist:
    A) phylum pyrrophyta
  • identify protist:
    A) flagella
    B) eyespot
    C) phylum euglenozoa
  • Phylum Zoomastigina
    Flagellates: Called flagellates relatively long whip-like structures (flagella) on the surface of cells that beat to produce movement
  • Animal-like protists
    • Phylum Ciliophora
    • Phylum Zoomastigina
    • Phylum Cercozoa
    • Phylum Sporozoa
  • Animal-like protists
    Heterotrophs, reproduce by Binary Fission, classified by their locomotion
  • Phylum Ciliophora
    Ciliates: Have many Cilia - tiny hair-like protein structures on the cell surface that beat to produce movement and to sweep food into oral grooves
  • example of phylum sporozoa
    • Plasmodium
  • Phylum Sporozoa
    Are parasites – take nutrients from their host, many do not move on their own but are transported by host body fluids
  • Plasmodium causes malaria and is transmitted by female mosquito bites
  • Phylum Cercozoa
    • Amoeba
  • Phylum Cercozoa
    Amoeba: Change shape constantly, move using pseudopodia or ‘false feet’, used for movement & feeding
  • identify protist:
    A) cilia
    B) contractile vacuole
    C) phylum ciliophora
  • identify protist:
    A) phylum zoomastigina
    B) Flagellum
  • identify protist:
    A) phylum cercozoa
    B) pseudopod
    C) engulfed
  • identify protist:
    A) plasmodium
    B) phylum sporozoa
  • Fungus-like protists
    Heterotrophic – absorb nutrients from other organisms, living (parasite), dead (decomposer), produce spores