BioChem 1

• spectrophotometry is used for
• UV-Visible Spectroscopy measures the absorbance of light at different wavelengths to determine the concentration of an analyte.
• the absorption spectrum of a compound can be measured using spectrophotometry
• Fluorescence Spectroscopy uses fluorophores that emit light when excited by UV or visible light, allowing for quantitative analysis of molecules based on their emission spectra.
• intensity of transmitted radiation is less than intensity of of incident radiation
• absorbance = log (I0/It) where I0= initial intensity and It= final intensity
• Beer's Law states that the absorbance of a solution is directly proportional to its concentration and path length
• The Beer–Lambert law relates the amount of absorbed light to the properties of the absorbing species and the characteristics of the source and detector of light.
• transmittance is light trans by sample/ light trans by blank
• UV rays are used for DNA
• absorbance = molar absorbtivity x length of light path x concentration
• mass is concentration x atomic mass x volume
• enzyme reactions can be monitored with spectrophotometry
• cuvettes are used because they don't absorb radiation
• ELIZA means enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
• hydrolysis breaks bonds into monomers
• carbohydrates reserve energy for short periods of time
• fats are insoluble in water
• lipids store energy for long periods of time
• saturated fats have no double bonds and are the least healthy
• unsaturated fats have double bonds between carbons and is the most healthy
• polyunsaturated fats are the healthiest
• glycosidic linkage is a covalent bond between monosaccharides
• phosphate is soluble in water
• proteins are chains of amino acid
• amino acids are made up of an alpha carbon, carboxyl group, hydrogen atom, nitrogen atom, side chain (R-group)
• there are 20 different types of amino acids that can be combined to make proteins
• polypeptide is a short chain of amino acids
• primary structure is the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide
• secondary structure is the folding pattern of the protein
• quaternary structure is when multiple polypeptides come together to form one large protein
• tertiary structure is the overall shape of the protein
• amino acid is monomer and joins into polypeptide chains
• denature means not fucntional
• hydrolysis is breaking down molecules with water
• liquid liquid extraction is when two immiscible phases are shaken together to allow molecules to dissolve in preferred solvent phase
• protein assays is adding acetic acid to milk to get casein to come out of the solution
• biuret test turns purple when treated with dilute copper in alkaline solution
• reducing sugars are simple sugars
• reducing sugars have aldehyde, carbonyl, or ketone functional groups