the arche of the pre-Socratics

• Anaximander believed that everything is made up of an infinite, unchanging substance called Apeiron.
• Thales of Miletus believed that everything is made up of water.
• Empedocles believed that everything is made up of four elements - earth, air, fire, and water.
• Heraclitus believed that everything is made up of fire.
• Pythagoras believed that everything is made up of numbers.
• Parmenides believed that everything is made up of being (el ser)
• The Pre-Socratic philosophers were interested in understanding the nature of reality and how it came into existence.
• Anaximenes believed that everything is made up of air.
• Zeno of Elea believed that everything is made of Aporias (unresolved problems)
• Anaxagoras thougth the arche were the homerias (small particles)
• Leucippus and Democritus thought the arche were the atoms.
• Pythagoras believed that numbers were fundamental to the universe and that all things could be explained through mathematical principles.
• Heraclitus believed that change was constant and that nothing stays the same forever.