Evolution Review

• What were the Three Theories of Geologic Change?

  Catastrophism, Gradualism, Uniformitarianism
• What did the Naturalist, Linnaeus believe?

  Classification system from kingdom to species
• What did the Naturalist, Buffon believe?

  Species shared ancestors rather than arising separately
• What did the Naturalist, E. Darwin believe?

  More complex forms developed from less complex forms (Evolution)
• What did the Naturalist, Lamarck believe?

  Environmental change leads to use or disuse of a structure (Idea was wrong)
• What is Variation?

  Difference in a physical trait
• What is Adaptations?

  Feature that allow an organism to survive better in it's environment
• What are Species able to do in its environment?

  They are able to adapt
• What can Adaptations lead to?

  Genetic change in a population
• What is Artificial Selection?

  Process by which humans select traits through breeding
• What is Natural Selection?

  The process where organisms better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce, and those who don't adapt, don't survive (Survival of the fittest)
• What is Heritability?

  Ability of a trait to be passed down
• What are the Four Main Principles to the Theory of Natural Selection?

  Variation, Overproduction, Adaption, Descent with Modification
• What can Natural Selection only act on?

  Traits that already exist
• What does Embryology provide?

  Evidence of Evolution
• What does the Study of Anatomy provide?

  Evidence of Evolution
• What are Homologous structures?

  Similar in structure, but different in function
• What are Homologous structures evidence of?

  Common Ancestor
• What are Analogous Structures?

  Has similar functions
• What are Analogous Structures not evidence of?

  Common Ancestor
• What are Vestigial Structures?

  Remnants of organs or structures that had a function in an early ancestor
• What is the difference between Homologous and Analogous structures?

  Homologous: Similar structures due to common ancestry Analogous: Similar structures due to similar functions, but different ancestry
• What is Catastrophism?

  Theory that states that sudden natural disasters such as floods and volcanic eruptions shaped Earth’s landforms and caused extinction of some species
• What is Gradualism?

  The theory that evolution occurs slowly but steadily
• What is Uniformitarianism?

  The theory that changes in the Earth’s crust during geological history have resulted from the action of continuous and uniform processes
• What is the prevailing theory of geologic change?

  Uniformitarianism
• What is variation?

  Any difference between individuals of the same species
• What is an example of artificial selection?

  Dog breeding
• What does it mean to be Acquired?

  Been exposed or given antibody
• What is Descent with Modification?

  Principle that each living species has descended, with changes, from other species over time
• Define Fitness?

  Ability to survive and reproduce
• What are the Four Main Categories of evidence for evolution?

  Fossils, Geography, Embryology, and Anatomy
• Explain the difference between Micro and Macroevolution?

  Micro- small changes to alleles, Macro- large and dramatic biological changes
• How do all species change as they evolve?

  They become more complex
• What is speciation?

  Formation of new species
• What is Reproductive Isolation?

  When an organism can’t breed with another because of different genes
• What are the 3 Different Causes of Reproductive Isolation?

  Behavioral, Temporal, and Geographic
• What is Behavioral Difference?

  Differences in Behavior
• What is Temporal Differences?

  Prevents species from mating because of different breeding times
• What is Geographic Differences?

  Separation of same species by physical barriers