Definitions

• What is Physiology?

  The study of how the human body functions.
• What is Exercise Physiology?

  The study of how the human body functions during exercise.
• What is homeostasis?

  Maintenance of a constant internal environment.
• What is Total Lung Capacity?

  The volume of air in the lungs after maximum inhalation. Normal value of 4-6 litres.
• What is Minute Ventilation?

  The total volume of gas entering or leaving the lung per minute.
• What is Tidal Volume?

  The volume of air breathed in or out during normal quiet breathing.
• What is Inspiratory Reserve Volume?

  The maximum value of air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation.
• What is Expiratory Reserve Volume?

  The maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a normal exhalation.
• What is Vital Capacity?

  The maximum amout of air a person expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation. Formula=Inspiratory reserve volume+tidal volume+expiratory reserve volume
• What is Gas Exchange?

  Gas will move along a gradient from an area of higher partial pressure to lower partial pressure via process of diffusion
• What is hemoglobin?

  A protein inside red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to tissues and organs in the body and carries carbon dioxide back to the lungs.
• What is Erythrocytes?

  A cell that contains hemoglobin and can carry oxygen to the body. Also called a red blood cell. The reddish color is due to the hemoglobin.
• What is leukocytes?

  Blood cell found in bone marrow. A part of the body's immune system. Help the body fight infection and disease
• What are platelets?

  Platelets are small cell fragments in the blood that help with blood clotting and preventing excessive bleeding.
• What are arteries?


  Transport blood away from the heart to the tissues.
• What are veins?

  Veins return deoxygenated blood to the heart.
• What are capillaries?

  Act as the exchange site between blood and tissues.
• What is the SA Node?

  The SA (sinoatrial) node generates an electrical signal that causes the upper heart chambers (atria) to contract.
• What is the AV Node?

  The AV node acts as a relay station for electrical impulses from the atria.
• What is an EKG test?

  Uses temporary electrodes on your chest and limbs to monitor, track and document your heart’s electrical activity
• What is Ventricular Fibrilliation?

  When the heart's ventricles beat in an irregular fashion.
• What is tachycardia?


  Abnormally fast heart rate.
• What is bradycardia?


  When the heart beats slower than normal.
• What is Pulmonary Circulation?

  Deoxygenated blood from right side of heart → lungs for oxygenation → left side of heart
• What is Systemic Circulation?

  Oxygenated blood from the LV of the heart → brings O2 rich blood to tissues in the body → returns to the right side of the heart.
• What is Heart Rate variability?


  The measure of the variation in the time interval between heart beats.
• What is heart rate?

  Heart rate is the number of times the heart beats per minute.
• What is Heart Rate Recovery?


  How many beats your heart rate declines after you stop exercising, taken in minute intervals.
• What is Cardiac Output?

  The amount of blood ejected from the left side of the heart (and therefore supplying the whole body except the lungs) measured in litres per minute.
• What is Stroke Volume?

  The amount of blood being ejected with each contraction from the left ventricle.
• What is Cardiovascular Drift?

  The upward drift of heart rate over time, coupled with a progressive decline in stroke volume and the continued maintenance of cardiac output.
• What is Vasodilation?


  This is the widening of your blood vessels
• What is Vasoconstriction?

  This is the narrowing of blood vessels
• What is Systolic Blood Pressure?

  The force your heart exerts on the walls of your arteries each time it beats (top #).
• What is Diastolic Blood Pressure?


  The force your heart exerts on the walls of your arteries at rest between beats (bottom #)
• What is Hypertension?

  High Blood Pressure. 140/90
• What is Hypotension?

  Low Blood Pressure. 90/60
• What is RPE scale?

  The rate of perceived exertion (RPE) is used to measure how hard your body works during physical activity
• What is a pneumothorax?

  A pneumothorax is a collapsed lung. A pneumothorax occurs when air leaks into the space between your lung and chest wall. This air pushes on the outside of your lung and makes it collapse.
• What is Polycythemia?


  Increased red blood cell mass, increased hemoglobin and hematocrit.