PH LIT

• Literature encompasses written, spoken, or sung works expressing ideas, emotions, and experiences
• Genres in literature:

  • Fiction: Shaping stories, characters, and worlds through imagination
  • Novel: Lengthy narrative fiction
  • Short Story: Brief fiction focusing on a single plot or theme
  • Novella: Longer than a short story but shorter than a novel
  • Fairy Tales: Folklore and fantasy narratives, often for children
  • Non-Fiction: Based on real events, facts, and information, aiming to present truthful and accurate accounts
  • Poetry: Characterized by rhythm, meter, and language for aesthetic and evocative power
• Difference between fiction and non-fiction:

  • Fiction: Created from the author's imagination, characters, events, and settings are products of creativity
  • Non-Fiction: Based on real events, facts, and information, aiming to present truthful and accurate accounts
• Purpose of fiction:

  • Entertain, evoke emotions, tell a story
  • Explore themes, ideas, and human experiences through imaginary scenarios
• Purpose of non-fiction:

  • Inform, educate, explain, persuade
  • Forms include essays, biographies, memoirs, journalism, historical accounts
• Types of poetry:

  • Lyric Poetry: Expresses personal emotions and feelings
  • Narrative Poetry: Tells a story through verse
  • Epic Poetry: Long narrative poem often involving heroic deeds
  • Sonnet: 14-line poem with a specific rhyme scheme
• Drama in literature:

  • Play: Intended for performance, typically involving dialogue and stage directions
  • Tragedy: Protagonist faces a serious downfall
  • Comedy: Humorous and light-hearted dramatic work
• Non-fiction in Philippine literature:

  • "A Question of Heroes" by Nick Joaquin: Essay collection exploring historical and cultural themes
  • Essay: Short piece presenting an author's perspective on a subject
• Non-fiction works contribute to the understanding of Philippine history, culture, and identity
• These works offer valuable perspectives on the complexities of the nation's past and present
• Essay:

  • A short piece of writing presenting an author's perspective on a particular subject
  • Allows authors to express thoughts, opinions, insights, or analyses in a concise and organized manner
• "Sa Mga Kuko ng Liwanag" by Lualhati Bautista:

  • Collection of essays touching on various aspects of Filipino culture, society, and human relationships
  • Provides deeper understanding of the issues facing the Philippines
• "Why Youth of Today Need Rizal's Ideals" by Jose Rizal (translated by Nick Joaquin):

  • Reflects Rizal's thoughts on the youth and the significance of his ideals in their lives
  • Emphasizes the importance of education, patriotism, and critical thinking
• Biography:

  • An account of a person's life written by another person
  • Focuses on the individual's achievements, experiences, and significant events
• "Wenceslao Q. Vinzons: A Hero's Life" by Onofre D. Corpuz:

  • Focuses on the life of Filipino patriot Wenceslao Q. Vinzons during the Philippine struggle for independence
  • Provides a comprehensive account of Vinzons' contributions to the country and his dedication to the nationalist cause
• "The Diary of a Little Girl in Old Manila" by Barbara Henson:

  • Offers a glimpse into the life of a young girl in Old Manila during the early 20th century
  • Provides a vivid picture of the cultural and historical context of the time
• Autobiography:

  • A self-written account of one's life
  • Offers firsthand accounts of personal experiences and contributions to society
• "My Brother, My Executioner" by F. Sionil Jose:

  • Part of the Rosales Saga incorporating autobiographical elements
  • Explores themes of power, social justice, and the Filipino identity
• Journalism:

  • News articles, features, and reports presenting factual information
  • Reflects the country's history, culture, and societal concerns
• "The Philippines Free Press":

  • Founded in 1907, featuring articles, essays, and investigative reports on politics, culture, and social issues
• "The Philippine Star":

  • A prominent English-language daily newspaper known for comprehensive coverage of news, features, and analyses
• Historical Literature:

  • Explores, depicts, or is set in a specific historical period
  • Can take various forms like novels, short stories, plays, poems, and non-fiction narratives
• Historical Fiction:

  • Fictional works set in a historical period with real historical events and characters
  • Combines imaginative storytelling with real historical events
• "Ilustrado" by Miguel Syjuco:

  • Weaves a contemporary mystery with historical elements
  • Explores Philippine history and culture through flashbacks, historical documents, and satire
• Historical Accounts:

  • Documentations of historical events and their analysis
  • Provide factual information, analyses, and narratives about specific events, periods, or figures in history
• "The Conjugal Dictatorship of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos" by Primitivo Mijares:

  • Exposé on the authoritarian rule of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos during the Martial Law era
  • Details political corruption and human rights abuses
• Horror literature aims to invoke visceral emotions like fear, shock, and disgust through immediate and intense reactions from readers
• Horror can be found in both short stories and novels, with short stories focusing on quick scares and longer works exploring psychological horror or building tension over time
• Gothic literature emphasizes creating a gloomy, mysterious atmosphere with eerie settings like ancient castles or isolated landscapes
• Supernatural elements in Gothic literature are used subtly to create an atmosphere of uncertainty and explore psychological and emotional themes
• Gothic literature frequently incorporates romantic themes such as love, passion, and forbidden desires, with relationships and emotions playing a significant role in the narrative
• Gothic literature often uses symbolism and allegory to convey deeper meanings, with settings, architecture, and symbols contributing to the thematic richness of the work
• Characters in Gothic literature often experience a sense of isolation, whether physical or psychological, contributing to an overall sense of unease and mystery
• Gothic literature often features classic or historical settings inspired by medieval, Renaissance, or Victorian eras, contributing to a sense of nostalgia and mystery
• While horror and Gothic literature share elements, the key distinction lies in their focus and tone: horror aims to terrify and shock, while Gothic literature seeks to create a brooding atmosphere with a focus on mystery, romance, and subtle supernatural elements
• Romance in literature focuses on themes of love, emotional attachment, and romantic relationships, exploring the complexities of human emotions and highlighting the joys and challenges of love
• Romance novels specifically focus on the romantic relationships between characters, with Philippine literature having a rich tradition exploring themes of love, relationships, and the complexities of the human heart
• Children's literature, targeted at children up to around 12 years old, includes various genres like picture books, early readers, chapter books, middle-grade novels, and young adult fiction, aiming to entertain, educate, and inspire young readers
• Prose and poetry are distinguished by their structure, rhythm, and artistic expression, with prose following natural speech patterns and poetry characterized by specific rhythmic and metrical patterns
• Prose uses everyday language and common vocabulary for clear communication, while poetry often employs figurative language, symbolism, and heightened diction for a more elevated or artistic expression