Chpt 17 Vocab

• New France


  French colony in North America with a capital in Quebec. founded in 1608. Following military defeat New France was ceced to the British in 1763
• New France


  Beaver fur came from here and fueled French economy
• New France


  The French had to take sides on civil disputes about Amerindian Trade routes
• New France


  The French traded guns with Native Americans for the fur they hunted
• Puritans


  English Protestant dissenters who believed that God predestined souls to heaven or hell before birth
• Puritans


  Founded by Massachusetts Bay in 1629
• Puritans


  They wanted to abolish priest, and bishop hierarchies, free the church from government interference and limit memberships to people who shared their beliefs
• House of Burgesses


  Elected assembly in colonial Virginia created in 1678
• House of Burgesses


  Initiated a form of democratic representation that set the colonies apart from the Europeans
• House of Burgesses


  Sparked ideas of freedom and liberty that conflicted with European ideas, eventually led to revolutions and independence from the Old World powers
• Indentured Servants


  A migrant to British colonies in the Americas who paid for passage by agreeing to work for a set term ranging from 4-7 years
• Indentured Servants


  Were racially and religiously the same as free settlers
• Indentured Servants


  80% of the people who went to the Americas were indentured servants
• Indentured Servants


  At the end of the serving term, people are given a small parcel of land, some tools, and clothes
• Mulatto


  The term used in Spanish and Portuguese colonies to describe an African and European mixed descent
• Mulatto


  Were ranked below Mezitos (European + NA) and above Africans (most were enslaved)
• Mezitos


  Were ranked below Creoles (Spaniards born in Latin America) and above Mulattos (African + European)
• Creoles


  Were ranked below Peninsulares (born in Spain) and above Mezitos (European + NA)
• Mullato


  Occupied a middle positon in colonial societies, dominating urban artisan trades and small-scale agriculture and ranching (like Mezitos)
• Mezitos


  Occupied a middle positon in colonial societies, dominating urban artisan trades and small-scale agriculture and ranching (like Mullatos)
• Creoles


  In colonial Spanish America, a term used to describe someone of European descent born in the New World; elsewhere in the Americas, they used it to describe non-native people
• Creoles


  The conquistadors tried to create political and social hierarchy systems in the Americas but disease wiped out the native population
• Creoles


  They controlled colonial agriculture and mining
• Creoles


  They had the advantage of mining since the mining techniques curated and refined in the Old World were passed onto the Creoles rather than the Native Americans
• Encomienda


  A grant of authority over some Ameridians in Spanish colonies
• Encomienda


  This provided the grant holder with a supply of cheap labor and period payment in goods by the Amerindian people
• Encomienda


  The grant holder would Christianize the Amerindians
• Encomienda


  Silver mining needed laborers so then arose a Spanish adaptation to the pre-existing Mita labor system present in South America called encomienda. The silver is then minted and turned into coins, fueling the Spanish economy and wealth
• Encomiena


  Laborers worked in mines, farms, or textile factories
• Encomienda


  A labor system that took advantage of the native population
• Bartholome de Las Casas


  First bishop of Chiapas in southern Mexico
• Bartholome de Las Casas


  He protected Amerindian people from exploitation
• Bartholome de Las Casas


  Major achievement: New Laws of 1542 which limited forced labor and outlawed Amerindian slavery
• Bartholome de Las Casas


  He defended Ameridians and became the first Mexican priest
• Bartholome de Las Casas


  Amerindian Indian Christianity blended in with European Christianity rituals (mixing of cultures), which Eurpoeans saw as the work of the devil
• Columbian Exchange


  The exchange of plants, animals, technology, and diseases between the Americas and the rest of the world, following Columbus's voyages
• Columbian Exchange


  From the Americas came potatoes, tobacco, corn, pineapples, peanuts, vanilla, beans, turkeys, peppers, squash, sweet potatoes, and cacao which enriched the diet of the Old World
• Columbian Exchange


  From the Old World came onions, olives, turnips, coffee beans, citrus fruits, bananas, peaches, pears, sugarcane, honey, wheat, rice barley, oats, cattle, sheep, pigs, horses, smallpox, typhus, influenza, measles, malaria, diphtheria, and the whooping cough