Medicine through time (simpler)

• Who are two key individuals in the medieval period?

  Galen and Hippocrates
• What were the four humours?

  Yellow bile, black bile, blood & phlegm
• What was 'Miasma Theory'?

  The theory that bad air caused disease
• What were humoural treatments?

  Bloodletting and purging
• What was the 'Theory of Opposites'?

  The idea that to be healthy your humours had to be balanced
• What did people think caused disease in the medieval period?

  God, miasma, humours and astrology
• How long did physicians go to university for?

  7-10 years
• Who could afford physicians?

  Only the wealthy elite
• What was the name for the list of rules on how to stay healthy in the medieval period?

  Regimen Sanitatis
• Who were the most experienced, practical medical professionals in the medieval period?

  Barber surgeons
• Which medical professional could everyone access?

  Wise women
• What did apothecaries offer?

  Herbal remedies
• How many hospitals were there by 1500?

  1100
• What did hospitals offer in the medieval period?

  Care not cure, mainly to pilgrims and travellers
• When did the Black Death arrive in England?

  1348
• What was the main symptom of the Black Death?

  Buboes
• What were the main beliefs about the causes of the Black Death?

  God's punishment, miasma, astrology
• How did people try to treat the Black Death?

  Praying, fasting, lancing buboes
• Why was government intervention (quarantine laws) not effective in the medieval period?

  The Church was too powerful so people still wanted to attend
• How did people try to prevent the Black Death?

  Flagellation, praying, evacuating, herbs
• How did people try to treat disease in the Renaissance?

  Continuity from the medieval; humoural and religious treatments
• What was a new treatment in the Renaissance?

  Transference, remedies from the New World, chemical cures
• How did hospitals change in the Renaissance?

  People could now go to pest houses for infectious diseases
• When did the Great Plague arrive in London?

  1665
• How many people died of the Great Plague in London?

  100,000
• What were the main beliefs about the causes of the Great Plague?

  Continuity from the medieval; God and miasma
• What did the government do to stop the spread of the Great Plague?

  Banned public meetings, quarantine laws, cleaning streets
• Who were the three main individuals in the Renaissance?

  William Harvey, Andreas Vesalius, Thomas Sydenham
• What was the name of Vesalius' book on anatomy?

  On the Fabric of the Human Body (1543)
• Which two diseases did Sydenham find the difference between?

  Measles and scarlet fever
• When was the printing press invented?

  1440
• When was the Royal Society formed?

  1660
• What was the name of the Royal Society's journal?

  Philosophical Transactions
• Which King endorsed the Royal Society?

  Charles II
• What did William Harvey discover?

  The blood was pumped around the body by the heart
• How many mistakes did Vesalius find in Galen's work?

  300
• What could the first microscope see?

  Animalcules
• How many hospitals were left by 1700 because of the dissolution of the monasteries?

  5
• Did people still believe that God caused disease in the Industrial period?

  No, people now looked for scientific explanations
• Did people still believe that the four humours caused disease in the Industrial period?

  No