eng 4th

• Anno Domini - In the year of our Lord
• CE (common era) and BCE (before common era) - to avoid religous connotation of the latin abbreviation
• cf.confere - latin emprative suggesting reader to compare and contrast one statement or idea with another
• c.circa - used by historians to show that a date is approximate
• c.circa - means "around" and it sometimes abbreviated "ca"
• etc. et cetera - "and so on" "other things"
• eg. exampli gratia - means "for example" or "free as an example"
• et pass. et passim - suggesting the reader look at that page first and then skim the material following for further disccusion. "and in the following"
• et al. et alii - means "and others" abbreviates people in a list
• ib./ ibid. ibidem - means "in the same place"
• i.e. id est. - "that is more precisely" "it is"
• sic. - indicates misspelling or error in a quoted source.
• sic. - "yes" or "even thus" in latin
• ph. d. philosophiae doctor - doctor (or doctorate) of philosophy
• brainstorm for ideas - what local treasure in the community would you like to research about?
• identify the sources of general background information - what sources of information can you use to gather information?
• focus on your topic - What specific area or factor of the local treasure or heritage in the communitywould you focus your research on? Why did you decide on this topic?
• make a list of useful keywords - What are the keywords that you can use to best describe your topic?
• be flexible – What are the considerations or adjustments that you would do if ever there is a need to modify your research topic
• define your topic as a focused research question – What is the primary question that your research topic wants to answer?
• formulate a thesis statement – What is the thesis statement of the study that you would liketoconduct?