robbery

• For robbery to occur, there must be a completed theft, and if any element of theft is missing, there is no theft and therefore can't be robbery either
• In the case of Robinson, there was no theft because the defendant believed he had a right to the money
• Actus Reus (AR) for robbery includes theft, use of force, or fear of force
• Mens Rea (MR) for robbery involves MR for theft (dishonesty, intention to permanently deprive) and the intention to use force in order to steal
• Force or threat of force in robbery: the jury decides the meaning of "force," which can include wrenching a bag from the victim's hands
• According to Dawson and James, even nudging can amount to force in the context of robbery
• For robbery, theft is considered a continuing act, and force used for another purpose does not become robbery if the defendant later decides to steal