Extra info on sign tests

• What four ways can descriptive stats be shown?

  1. Tables
  2. Averages (mean or median)
  3. Dispersion (range or SD)
  4. Graph
• How can inferential statistics be presented?

  • sign test- are the results significant?
• what does alternative H1 mean?

  Researcher is testing
• What does null H0 mean?

  Due to chance
• When is there a probability of <0.01

  If there’s a risk to life or it’s a one off event (1/100)
• what is the usual probability used in sign tests?

  5/100 (0.05)
• What do you look for in sign tests?

  You look for a difference
• What design do you use in a sign test?

  repeated measures design
• How should data be in sign tests?

  Nominal (in categories)
• is there an order with nominal data?

  No orders

  Doesn’t go from worst to best ect
• When you find the numerical difference in the data on a sign test, do you write the numerical difference or a sign?

  A sign

  For example (55 and 40, the sign would be +)
• What do you do once you gather all your signs of differences in the sign test?

  You count how many there are

  Your S VALUE = least frequent sign
• What is the S VALUE rule?

  • the S VALUE must be lower/less than the critical value for the results to be significant
• How do you know if a study is one tailed or two tailed?

  If previous research has been conducted and it states this within the question, you know that the study is ONE TAILED (DIRECTIONAL)