Water

• Water is polar because the oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen so it attracts electrons in a covalent bond more strongly so it becomes slightly negative while hydrogen is slightly positive

  The bond angle is 104.5°
• Ice is less dense than water, causing it to float on the surface and creating an insulating layer
• This insulating layer of ice on top of bodies of water prevents the entire body of water from freezing, providing a more stable environment for aquatic animals
• 6 properties of water pt1

  1. It's a metabolite for many metabolic reactions e.g. condensation and hydrolysis
  2. It's a good solvent because water is polar so ions and other polar molecules can easily dissolve in it
  3. It's incompressible so it's provides turgidity to plant cells
• 6 properties of water pt2

  1. Water has a high surface tension which can allow insects to skim across the surface
  2. Strong cohesion and adhesion between water molecules meaning that water would easily be transported up the xylem since the water molecules stick to each other (cohesion) as well as sticking to the xylem vessel itself (adhesion)
• 6 properties of water pt3

  1. Has a high specific heat capacity meaning a large amount of energy is needed to raise the temperature of large bodies of water
  2. Has high latent heat of vapourisation which causes a cooling effect when water evaporates from skin surfaces
• Properties of water:

  • High surface tension
  • Cohesion and adhesion properties
  • Good solvent
  • Incompressible
  • High specific heat capacity
  • High latent heat of vaporization