Respiration

avatar
Created by
Yasmin Murphy

Cards (11)

  • What are the stages of aerobic respiration?
    1. Glycolysis
    2. Krebs cycle
    3. Link reaction
    4. Oxidative phosphorylation
  • Glycolysis:
    1. Glucose is phosphorylated to glucose phosphate using 2ATP
    2. Each glucose phosphate is converted to 2 Triose phosphate
    3. Triose phosphate is oxidised to pyruvate producing 2ATP and 1 NADH (reduced NAD)
  • Link reaction
    1. pyruvate is decarboxylated to acetate
    2. NAD is converted to NADH and 1 mol of CO2 is produced
    3. acetate combines with Coenzyme A to produce Acetylcoenzyme A
  • Krebs cycle:
    1. Acetylcoenzyme A combines with a 4C acceptor molecule releasing Coenzyme A and producing a 6C intermediate (citrate)
    2. 6C intermediate is decarboxylated releasing CO2 and oxidised producing NADH and a 5C intermediate
    3. 5C intermediate is oxidised further to reproduce the 4C acceptor molecule, releasing 1 ATP, 2 NADH, 1 FADH
  • Oxidative phosphorylation:
    1. the NADH produced in glycolysis and Krebs cycle donate electrons to the first molecule in the electron transport chain. FADH donates electrons to the second molecule in the electron transport chain.
    2. as electrons pass along the ETC they release energy, used to actively transport H+ across the cristae membrane.
    3. This results in an electrochemical gradient and the H+ now diffuse back into the matrix through ATP synthase channels. synthesising ATP by phosphorylation of ADP
    4. oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain!!
  • when is ATP made in glycolysis
    when TP converted to pyruvate
  • when is ATP used in glycolysis
    converting glucose to glucose phosphate
  • Oxygen is the terminal/ final electron acceptor in the electron transfer chain.
  • Under anaerobic conditions link reaction and krebs cycle cannot take place, only glycolysis can take place without oxygen.
  • In mammels pyruvate is converted to lactate (lactic acid) which also converts NADH back to NAD for reuse in glycolysis producing 2 ATP
  • In yeast pyruvate in converted to ethanol which also converts NADH to NAD for reuse in glycolysis producing 2 ATP