Holderness Coast

• Where is the Location of the Holderness coast?

  East Coast of the UK

  Places close to it such as Hull, Bridlington and Withernsea
• What the three physical factors affecting the coastline?

  Waves

  Weather

  Geology
• How can WEATHER impact the coastline?

  Storms produce stronger waves, and higher levels of sea surge.

  Intensified weather intensifies sub-ariel processes, (mechanical, chemical, biological).

  Saturated clay cliffs suffer from increased runoff, leading to slumping and other mass movement.
• How do WAVES affect the coastline?

  Dominant waves from the North sea has a very large fetch.

  Destructive waves remove sediment away from the foot of the coast.

  LSD then carries the material Southward.

  Tides and lower energy environments of the Humber Estuary allow this moved sediment to collect forming a spit, mudfltas, and sand dunes near Spurn Point.
• How does GEOLOGY affect the coast?

  Two types of rock found: Boulder clay (soft) and Chalk (hard).

  Harder rock more resistant to erosion and forms features such as Flamborough head

  Boulder clay typically more in the southern part of the coast forming the Holderness bays.
• Name the 5 Main features of the Holderness Coast

  Flamborough head - Headland

  Holderness cliffs - Cliff erosion

  Humber Estuary - helps form saltmarshes and mudflats

  Spurn Point - 6Km spit

  Holderness bays - Bays from soft rock erosion
• How many Tonnes of sediment does LSD carry southwards on the coast each year?

  half a million
• How much does Spurn Point increase each year on average ?

  10cm
• What are the three factors human play a part along this coast?

  The presence of people

  Interfering with natural processes

  Global warming
• How does the presence of people along the coast affect the coastline?

  Physical processes turn into hazards and threatens life.

  The increased retirement and leisure facilities brings more people to the coast, threatening caravan parks and needed gas pipes due to erosion.
• How does human interference with natural processes affect the coast?

  Defence strategies can have adverse affects

  The Groynes at Hornsea trap sediment but prevent the sediment from forming beaches and protecting the coast line further south.

  Rapid erosion can occur due to starvation of sediment (Great Cowden)
• How does Global warming affect the coast?

  An indirect human consequence

  Sea levels rising both eustatically and isostatically

  Increase in storm frequency increases erosion
• Name a few Hard engineering techniques

  Groynes, Gabions, Rock armour
• Name a few soft engineering strategies

  Beach nourishment

  Red lining and preventing any development

  Do nothing
• Sustainable management systems

  Managed retreat - Encourages re-location and moving back from the shoreline

  Coastal resilience - Partial flooding to develop salt marshes and allowing erosion to help other areas to recover

  Shoreline management plans - Differs from sediment cells.