L3

• First Aid for Common Unintentional Injuries

  • Musculoskeletal Injuries
  • Heat Emergencies
  • Bleeding
  • Poisoning
  • Choking
  • Drowning
  • Heart Attack or Myocardial Infarction
  • Electrocution
  • Burn
• Fractures and other musculoskeletal injuries are on the rise among children and adolescents. This is due to their involvement in physical activities.
• Sprain is a stretching or tearing of ligaments (tough bands of fibrous tissue that connect one bone to another in the joints). It is most commonly located in the ankle.
• Strain is the stretching or tearing of muscle or tendon, a fibrous cord of tissue that connects muscles to bones. It often occurs at the lower back and the hamstring muscle at the back of the thigh.
• When someone shows the following signs of heat stroke, seek immediate emergency attention: 

  •Seizure 

  •Disorientation Unconsciousness 

  •Body temperature is above 39°C.

  • Rapid pulse rate

  • Reduced sweating 

  •Warm, red, and dry skin
• Bleeding 

  •Apply direct pressure on the injured area. 

  •Place a sterile dressing over the injury and secure with tape or tie just tight enough to control the bleeding.
• If choking is occurring, perform abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) on the victim. 
• Heimlich maneuver is an emergency technique to prevent suffocation when a person's airway or windpipe is blocked by a piece of food or other objects. 
• Heimlich maneuver

  Stand behind the person.

  Wrap your arms around his or her waist.

  Tip him or her forward slightly.
• When drowning, the air passages close to prevent water from entering the lungs. This also prevents air from entering the lungs, thus depriving the victim of oxygen and eventually leading to unconsciousness and death.
• A heart attack is a crushing and squeezing chest pain often accompanied by nausea, sweating, and shortness of breath.
• The symptoms of heart attack are caused by a completely blocked coronary artery that stops blood flow to a part of the heart muscle.
• An electrical burn may appear minor even when it has caused major internal injuries.
• All electrical shocks that cause burns or that occurred with water are emergencies.
• Burn 

  •For minor burns, calm and reassure the victim. 

  •Remove clothing that is not stuck to the burn. 

  •Cool the burn by using cool water, notice. 

  •If the burn is caused by chemicals, take off all the clothes that have chemical on them. Hold the burned skin under cool running water for 10-15 minutes until it does not hurt as much.