sts

• Science, Technology, and Society (STS) is an interdisciplinary course examining how science and technology shape and are shaped by society, politics, and culture
• STS explores the conditions under which production, distribution, and utilization of scientific knowledge and technological systems occur
• Science is an evolving body of knowledge based on theoretical expositions, experiments, and empirical activities that generate universal truths
• Technology is the application of science to create systems, processes, and objects designed to assist humans in their daily activities
• Science vs. Technology:

  • Science focuses on scientific methods, natural processes, and understanding nature holistically
  • Technology involves the application of science to create systems and objects to aid humans
• The influence of science and technology on people's lives is expanding, with public mistrust of science and fear of technology existing today
• Scientists have a duty to proceed with caution in their actions and words due to the power of science to bring about change
• Technological revolutions of the 21st century are emerging from sectors like microprocessors, telecommunications, biotechnology, and nanotechnology
• Science and technology play a crucial role in economic development, health systems, education, infrastructure, and poverty alleviation in developing countries
• Interventions like cognitive enhancement, proton cancer therapy, and genetic engineering showcase the advancements in science and technology
• The first inhabitants in the Philippines settled in Palawan and Batangas around 40000 years ago, making simple tools or weapons of stone which eventually developed techniques for sawing, drilling, and polishing hard stones
• Primitive Filipinos practiced science and technology in their everyday lives, living in harmony with nature and obtaining from it what was needed through a simple understanding of how nature operates
• As early Filipinos flourished, they learned to extract, smelt, and refine metals like copper, gold, bronze, and iron from nature, fashioning them into tools and implements
• Early Filipinos shifted from wandering to settling near water sources, learning to weave cotton, engage in agriculture, and build boats for coastal trade
• During the Spanish Colonial Era, schools run by Spanish friars were established, scientific research began, and the church's strict hold hindered scientific progress among Filipinos
• Dr. Jose Rizal, a key figure in Philippine history, was a scientist, doctor, engineer, journalist, novelist, urban planner, and hero
• The American Period saw rapid growth in science and technology in the Philippines, facilitated by an extensive public education system and the establishment of various colleges and scientific institutions
• The Bureau of Science in the American Period was crucial for training Filipino scientists and conducting pioneering research on tropical diseases prevalent at the time
• The National Research Council of the Philippines was established on December 8, 1933, contributing significantly to the development of science and technology in the country
• The Commonwealth Period emphasized the importance of science and technology for economic development, despite challenges during World War II and the Japanese regime
• The Institute of Science replaced the Bureau of Science during the Commonwealth Period and faced financial support issues and planning problems
• The Science Act of 1958 established the National Science Development Board (NSDB) during President Carlos P. Garcia's regime in 1958
• From the 1960s to the 1990s, the Philippine government prioritized the advancement of science and technology in national development, establishing various research institutes and encouraging private universities to conduct research and create courses in science and technology
• Attachment is a strong reciprocal emotional bond between an infant and a primary caregiver
• Schaffer and Emerson's 1964 study on attachment:

  • Aim: identify stages of attachment / find a pattern in the development of an attachment between infants and parents
  • Participants: 60 babies from Glasgow
  • Procedure: analyzed interactions between infants and carers
  • Findings: babies of parents/carers with 'sensitive responsiveness' were more likely to have formed an attachment
• Freud's superego is the moral component of the psyche, representing internalized societal values and standards
• The Codex Leicester is a collection of scientific writings by Leonardo da Vinci, named after its former owner, Lord Leicester, and now housed in the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Discovery Center in Seattle, Washington

  
• The Codex Leicester is a palimpsest, written in Italian and over-written with text in Latin, filled with Leonardo's observations on astronomy, geology, and anatomy
• The image depicts Christopher Columbus and his crew claiming land in the Americas for Spain

  
• Apolinario Mabini, a Filipino revolutionary leader, lawyer, and statesman, known as the "Brains of the Revolution" and one of the most important figures in Philippine history
• The painting depicts the Battle of San Juan Hill, a turning point in the Spanish–American War, fought between American and Spanish forces near San Juan, Puerto Rico

  
• The logo of the University of the Philippines

  
• The seal of the Bureau of Science in Manila

  
• The seal of the National Research Council of the Philippines

  
• The Philippine Science High School (PSHS) focuses on science, technology, and mathematics in its curriculum
• The Philippine Institute for Development Studies conducted a study highlighting weak ties between innovation-driven firms and the government, emphasizing the importance of science, technology, and innovation in economic and social progress
• Diwata-1, the first micro-satellite launched by the Philippines, provides real-time, high-resolution images for various applications, including meteorological imaging and crop productivity measurement
• Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards (NOAH) was initiated in 2012 to manage risks associated with natural hazards and disasters using Lidar technology
• The Department of Science and Technology is the premiere science and technology body in the Philippines, providing central direction, leadership, and coordination of all scientific and technological activities
• The Department of Science and Technology replaced the National Science and Technology Authority in 1986, focusing on supporting local scientific and technological efforts, achieving technological self-reliance, and encouraging private sector participation in research and development