Ao1

• What did Bowlby (1953) say about mother love's importance?

  It's as vital for mental health as vitamins.
• What is the difference between separation and deprivation in Bowlby's theory?

  Separation is being away from the attachment figure.
• When does separation become problematic for a child's development?

  When emotional care is deprived for an extended period.
• What is the critical period for psychological development according to Bowlby?

  The first two and a half years of life.
• What can happen to a child separated from their mother during the critical period?

  They may experience physical damage and delayed development.
• How does maternal deprivation affect a child's intellectual development?

  It can lead to delayed intellectual development and low IQ.
• What did Goldfarb (1947) find regarding IQ and maternal deprivation?

  Lower IQs in children who remained in institutions.
• How does maternal deprivation affect a child's emotional development?

  It can lead to affectionless psychopathy and relationship issues.
• What is affectionless psychopathy?

  Inability to experience guilt or strong emotions.
• How is affectionless psychopathy related to maternal deprivation?

  It results from lack of emotional care during development.
• What did Goldfarb (1947) conclude about children in institutions?

  They had lower IQs than those who were fostered.
• What was the aim of Bowlby’s 44 Thieves study?

  To investigate maternal deprivation and affectionless psychopathy
• How many children were involved in Bowlby’s 44 Thieves study?

  44 adolescent thieves
• What was the emotional status of the children involved in Bowlby’s 44 Thieves study?

  They were referred to a clinic for emotional problems
• What did Bowlby find about affectionless psychopathy in the 44 Thieves study?

  14 thieves were diagnosed with affectionless psychopathy
• How many of the affectionless psychopaths experienced prolonged separation from their mothers?

  12 of the 14 diagnosed psychopaths
• What percentage of affectionless psychopaths had experienced maternal deprivation?

  86%
• What was the comparison group in Bowlby’s 44 Thieves study?

  44 emotionally disturbed children who were not thieves
• What did Bowlby find about the control group regarding maternal deprivation?

  Only 2 had experienced prolonged separation from mothers
• What does the control group's findings suggest about maternal deprivation?

  It suggests a link to affectionless psychopathy
• How does the 44 Thieves study support Bowlby’s theory of maternal deprivation?

  It shows prolonged deprivation increases affectionless psychopathy risk
• What are the key findings of Bowlby’s 44 Thieves study?

  • Aim: Investigate maternal deprivation and affectionless psychopathy
  • Participants: 44 adolescent thieves with emotional problems
  • Findings: 14 diagnosed with affectionless psychopathy
  • 12 experienced prolonged maternal separation
  • Control group: 44 non-thieves, only 2 had separation
  • Conclusion: Prolonged deprivation linked to affectionless psychopathy