Relations between Greek and non-Greek states, 492-404

• When was the battle of Marathon?

  490 BC
• Why did the Spartans not help at the battle of Marathon?


  Karneia, no military action could be taken
• When was the battle of Thermopylae?

  480 BC
• When was the battle of Artemisium?

  480 BC
• When was the battle of Plataea?

  479 BC
• When was the Ionian revolt?

  499-494 BC
• What was the Ionian revolt?

  when the Ionian cities of Asian minor and Cyprus revolted against Persian control
• Which states helped in the Ionian revolt?

  Athens and Eretria
• When did Darius invade Greece?

  490 BC
• When did Darius I die?

  486 BC
• Why was Darius‘ revenge after Marathon cut short?

  rebellion in Egypt in 486 BC
• who replaced Darius I as king of Persia?

  Xerxes I
• what was the Greek responses to the Persian heralds demands for earth and water in 481 BC?

  Sparta kicked them down a well and Athens had them executed
• When did Xerxes invade Greece?

  480 BC
• What was the Hellenic league?

  an alliance between around 30 Greek states who resisted the Persian invasion of 480-479 BC
• What states helped in the battle of Thermopylae?

  700 Thespians and 400 Thebans
• What was the battle of Artemisium?

  a series of inconclusive naval engagements off cape Artemisium in 480 BC
• What was the battle of Salamis?

  A naval engagement in which the Greeks defeated the Persians
• What does Herodotus claim took place on the same day as the battle of Plataea?

  Battle of Mycale
• What are the reasons for Greek victory over the Persians in 480-479 BC?

  Athenian naval supremacy, Greek hoplites better trained, Greeks more committed to their freedom than the Persian forces were to conquest
• How do we know so much about the Persian war?

  Herodotus‘ histories
• How do we know so much about the Peloponnesian wars?

  Thucydides, history of the Peloponnesian war and Xenophon, Hellenica
• What was the Delian league?

  a coalition of tributary allies, headed by Athens
• Who was considered hegemon of Greece following the Persian war?

  Athens
• What was the Peloponnesian league?

  a coalition of Greek states, headed by Sparta
• What happened to Sparta in 465 BC?

  Earthquake
• When was Cimon ostracised?

  in 461 BC, for 10 years
• When was the Helot revolt?

  464 BC
• What did Sparta do when the Athenians sent them aid?

  sent their 4,000 hoplites away
• When was the first Peloponnesian war?

  461-446 BC
• What was the battle of Amphipolis?

  in 424 BC, when Brasidas defeated an Athenian force
• Why did the Sicilian expedition fail?

  Alcibiades was charged with sacrilege, so fled to Sparta and told them Athens’ plan
• When was the second peloponnesian war?

  431-404 BC
• What was the thirty years peace?

  A peace treaty signed by Athens and Sparta in 446/445 BC, intended to last 30 years but only lasted 15
• What was the plague of Athens?

  in 429 BC, when Athens was subject to a plague. Killing 1/3 of the population and their leader Pericles
• Why did the first Peloponnesian war end?

  the thirty years peace
• What did Athens do after the Persian war?

  transformed the Delian league into an empire
• What was the battle of pylos?

  in 425 BC, when generals Cleon and Demosthenes pushed the Spartans back to the island of Sphacteria were they surrendered
• What was the battle of Tanagra?

  in 457 BC, when Sparta defeated Athens at Tanagra
• What were the consequences of the plague of Athens?

  1/3 of the population died including their leader Pericles