FN M4 pretest

• Growth refers tot he physical change and increase in size
• the pattern of physiological growth is similar for all people
• Development is an increase in the complexity of function and skill progresion
• Development is the capacity and skill of a person to adapt to the environment
• Development is the behavioral aspect of growth
• Developmental task is a task which arises at or about a certain period in the life of an individual
• maturation are the changes that are compared against established norms. Child development is a process of maturation
• Personality is a complex concept that is difficult to define, can be considered as the outward expression of the inner self
• Sigmund Freud's Psychosexual development
• Erik Erikson's Psychosocial development
• Robert Havighurst' Developmental taks
• Jean Piaget's Cognitive development
• Lawrence Kohlberg's moral development
• James Fowler's Spiritual development
• Arnold Gesell's Maturation
• Libido is a dynamic psychic energy which is the underlying motivation to human development
• Fixation is the immobilization or inability of the personality to proceed tot he next stage because of anxiety
• Developmental Task


  1. Is a task which arises at or about a certain period in the life of an individual

  2. Successful achievement of which leads to happiness and to success with later tasks, while failure leads to unhappiness in the individual, disapproval by society, and difficulty with later tasks
• Growth


  • Can be measured quantitatively
  • Indicators include height, weight, bone size and dentition
  • Generally takes place during the first 20 years of life
• Personality


  A complex concept that is difficult to define, can be considered as the outward (interpersonal) expression of the inner (intrapersonal) self
• Development becomes increasingly differentiated
• The pace of growth and development is uneven
• Growth


  1. Refers to physical change and increase in size

  2. The pattern of physiological growth is similar for all people
• Individual must meet the needs of each stage in order to move successfully to the next developmental stage
• Factors influencing growth and development

  • Genetics
  • Temperament - An individual’s characteristic manner of thinking, behaving or reacting to stimuli in the environment
  • Family
  • Nutrition
  • Environment
  • Health
  • Culture
• First 3 (three) stages are called “pregenital stages”
• Has 8 (eight) stages which reflect both positive and negative aspects of the critical life periods
• Each developmental stage has its own characteristics
• Growth and development also occur in a proximodistal direction
• Fixation - Is immobilization or inability of the personality to proceed to the next stage because of anxiety
• Latency Stage: 6 years – puberty, Focus of Pleasure: None, Characteristics: Pleasure is directed by focusing on relationships with same-sex peers and parent of the same sex, Tasks to be Attained: Engagement in activities, such as sports, schoolwork, and socialization with the same-sex peers
• By Robert Havighurst, Developmental Task: A task which arises at or about a certain period in the life of an individual, Successful achievement of which leads to happiness and success with later tasks, Failure leads to unhappiness in the individual, disapproval by society and difficulty with later tasks
• Anal Stage: 1 ½ years – 3 years, Focus of Pleasure: Anus, Characteristics: Pleasure is accomplished by exploring the organs of elimination, Tasks to be Attained: Bowel and bladder control, toilet training
• Resolution of the task can be complete, partial or unsuccessful
• Maturation


  The changes are compared against established norms. Child development is a process of maturation, differentiation and refining of abilities and skills, based on an in-born “timetable”. Although children benefit from experience, they will achieve maturational milestones. Synonym for development
• Certain stages of growth and development are more critical than others
• Growth and development


  Are continuous, orderly, sequential processes influenced by maturational, environmental and genetic factors
• Personality develops in 5 (five) overlapping stages from birth to adulthood
• Development

  • Qualitative change
  • Behavioral aspect of growth
  • Takes place during the first 20 years of life and also continues after that point
• Genital Stage: Puberty and after, Focus of Pleasure: Genital, Characteristics: Pleasure is directed in the development of sexual relationships, Tasks to be Attained: Engagement in activities to promote independence