Critical Reading as Reasoning

• When one thinks critically and do not simply accept the message of the text but instead coins it to personal experiences and perspectives to help in formulating logical and right assertions.
• Art of Reasoning


  Introduces the principles of critical thinking and logic in a clear, accessible, and logical manner.
• These are ideas that support the validity of the assertions. Evidences include testimony, scientific findings, statistics, physical objects, and many more.
• Fact


  One that can be verified or proven to be true by objective means. Observation and experimentation are means of verification.
• Opinion


  One that cannot be verified or proven to be true by objective means. It is subjective and must properly be supported with facts before it can be accepted as valid.
• Four Forms of Reasoning

  • Inference
  • Generalization
  • Analogy
  • Cause and Effect
• Inference happens when the reader draws new conclusion from information that is already known. It can also be used to predict reasonably or logically what will happen in the future.
• A generalization is a conclusion based on several particular facts or cases. A valid generalization is a statement that holds true in many cases or is supported by evidence
• Analogy is a comparison between two things that are similar in some ways but are essentially unalike. A complete analogy is one that compares two different objects that are similar in some important way
• Cause and effects happens when something is caused by one or more events that occurred before it
• Explicit (Explicitus)


  Obvious or apparent; directly stated.
• Implicit (Implicitus)


  Not expressed clearly; only suggested; indirectly stated.
• Explicit information is any idea that is stated.
• Implicit information is any idea that is not directly stated