Carbohydrates Glucose, Starch Fermentation Plants to product

• Plants are a source of carbohydrates and oils
• Carbohydrates can be used for food or fuel   
• Carbohydrates are compounds which contain carbon hydrogen and oxygen  
• Glucose is a simple carbohydrate with the molecular formula C6H12O6 
•  Starch is a complex carbohydrate formed by joining many glucose molecules   
•  Chemical tests can be carried out to distinguish between glucose and starch
•  Benedict’s solution tests for glucose
•      Glucose turns Benedict’s solution from blue to brick red 
•   Iodine tests for starch   
•             Starch turns iodine from brown to blue/black 
•   Starch is broken down into glucose in the body during digestion and can then be used for energy
•   Enzymes present in yeast can convert glucose into ethanol 
•   This process is called fermentation
• Different plants are used to produce different alcoholic beverages
•   Barley is used to make beer  
•   Apples are used to make cider  
•   Grapes are used to make wine 
•   Potatoes are used to make vodka
•   Sugar is used to make rum   
•  The alcohol content of drinks is measured in units
• Plants can be used to produce many useful products today eg aspirin from willow trees
• Carbohydrates can be used for food or fuel 
• Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms
• The test for glucose is glucose screen testing
• test for starch by adding iodine solution to a sample food
• The process of making alcohol is called fermentation
• Alcohol can be separated from a mixture by fractional distillation
• The uses of carbohydrates are energy production, energy storage and building macromolecules
• Leaves are used for medicinal purposes.
• Aloe Vera is used to speed up burn healing
• Ginger can be used to treat nausea and vomiting.
• Sage can be used to help with a sore mouth or throat.
• Some plants can change nitrogen from the air into nitrate compounds three plants which are able to do this are:

  Beans

  Clover

  Peas
• the roots of clover, peas and beans have a 'special' ability it is, their ability to convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonium nitrogen, which they release into the soil.
•  a balanced diet is to maintain a healthy body weight by eating a wide variety of foods in the right proportion
• a balanced diet provides all of the energy you need to keep active throughout the day
• Having a balanced diet can protect you against many diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes and cancer
• Foods that are rich in fats are;

  cheese

  butter

  chocolates

  biscuits

  meat products
• foods that are rich in protein are;

  meat

  fish

  dairy products

  seeds/nuts

  lentils
• foods that are rich in carbohydrates are;

  bread

  beans

  milk

  potatoes

  spaghetti